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### Conjugation 4 Verbs Ending in -î

Some Conjugation 4 verbs end in *-î* instead of *-i*. To form the past participle for these verbs, you simply drop the *-î* and add *-ât*. 

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For example, *a hotărî* (to decide) becomes *hotărât*, *a coborî* (to go down) becomes *coborât*, and *a urî* (to hate) becomes *urât*.

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### Stressed Dative Pronouns

When a waiter mixes up your table's order, you need to be very clear about exactly *who* gets which dish. To add strong emphasis, Romanian uses **stressed** (or full) dative pronouns.

| Person | Stressed Pronoun | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular | mie | to ME |
| 2nd Singular | ție | to YOU |
| 3rd Singular | lui / ei | to HIM / to HER |
| 1st Plural | nouă | to US |
| 2nd Plural | vouă | to YOU (all) |
| 3rd Plural | lor | to THEM |

These stressed pronouns do not replace the unstressed pronouns (like *îmi*, *îți*, *le*) that you already know. Instead, they are used **alongside** them in the same sentence. This "doubling" clarifies and emphasizes the recipient.

### Emphasizing "To Me" and "To You"

To emphasize that something is brought to *me* or *you*, pair *mie* with *îmi* (or *mi-*), and *ție* with *îți* (or *ți-*). The stressed pronoun usually comes after the verb, but it can also be placed at the beginning of the phrase for even stronger contrast.

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### Emphasizing "To Him" and "To Her"

For the third person singular, pair *lui* (to him) or *ei* (to her) with the unstressed pronoun *îi* (or *i-*).

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### Emphasizing Plural Recipients

To emphasize plural recipients, use *vouă* for "to you all" (paired with *vă* / *v-*) and *lor* for "to them" (paired with *le*).

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### Contrasting and Clarifying

You will frequently see these stressed pronouns used when contrasting two different recipients to clear up confusion.

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Stressed dative pronouns (mie, ție, lui)

adjective

adverb

adverbial phrase

auxiliary

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The verb to be and definite articles (a fi, -ul, -le)

Feminine definite articles (-a, -ua)

Indefinite articles (un, o)

Negative sentences (nu)

Question words (ce, unde, cine)

The verb to have (a avea)

Masculine plural nouns (-i, -ii)

Feminine plural nouns (-e, -i, -le)

Neuter plural nouns (-uri, -e, -le)

Adjectives and agreement

Present tense of regular -a verbs

Present tense of -a verbs with suffix (-ez)

Present tense of regular -i and -î verbs

Present tense of -i and -î verbs with suffix (-esc / -ăsc)

Present tense of -ea and -e verbs

Reflexive pronouns (mă, te, se, ne, vă)

Accusative prepositions (în, la, pe, din, cu)

Likes and dislikes (îmi place)

Possessive adjectives (meu, tău, său)

Third-person possessives (lui, ei, lor)

Possessive articles (al, a, ai, ale)

Formal politeness (dumneavoastră)

Demonstrative adjectives (acest, acel)

Numbers 1 to 10

The number two (doi, două)

Numbers 11 to 20

Counting by tens to 100

Quantifying large numbers (de)

The subjunctive (să)

Third-person subjunctive (să)

Direct object pronouns (îl, o, îi, le)

Personal direct objects (pe)

Days of the week

Telling time (e ora...)

Months of the Year (January to June)

Months of the Year (July to December)

The Four Seasons

Weather Conditions

Rooms in a House

Basic Body Parts: Upper Body

Basic Body Parts: Limbs

Everyday Clothing

Basic Foods: Groceries

Fruits and Vegetables

Around Town

Getting Around

Setting the Table

A Colorful World

Common Animals

In the Wild

Jobs and Careers

Everyday Tech

Describing people (tânăr, bătrân, înalt)

Asking when and why (când, de ce, care)

Hello and goodbye (bună ziua, la revedere)

Coming and going (intra, sta, trece)

Where is it? (sub, lângă, între)

Knowing and thinking (știu că, cred că)

Sorry, welcome, congratulations (îmi pare rău, la mulți ani)

Introducing yourself (mă numesc, sunt din România)

How much and how many (puțin, prea, doar)

Can and may (pot merge, pot să merg)

If and whether (dacă)

At school and university

Irregular verbs in the present (vrea, lua, da, bea, sta)

Free time and sport

How much is it? (cât costă, câți, câte)

Before and after (înainte, după, până)

At the doctor (mă doare)

Meals of the day (micul dejun, prânzul, cina)

At the restaurant

Ability and permission (a putea să)

Obligation and necessity (trebuie să)

Desires and intentions (a vrea să)

Impersonal statements (se)

Adverbs of frequency (adesea, uneori)

Conjunctions for reasons and links (pentru că, deci)

Stressed accusative pronouns (pe mine, pe tine)

Indefinite pronouns (cineva, ceva)

Negative pronouns and double negation (nimeni, nimic)

The past tense auxiliary (am, ai, a)

The past tense (am, ai, a)

Regular past participles (-at, -it)

Regular past participles (-ut, -s, -t)

Negative past tense (nu am)

Question	Answer
to decide	hotărî
We decided and went down to the restaurant.	Am hotărât și am coborât la restaurant.
to mix up	încurca
the order	comanda
to me (stressed)	mie
the pizza	pizza
The waiter mixed up the order and brought the pizza to me.	Chelnerul a încurcat comanda și mi-a adus mie pizza.
to you (sg., stressed)	ție
the sour soup	ciorba
spicy	picant
Is he offering the spicy sour soup to you?	Îți oferă ție ciorba picantă?
to him (stressed)	lui
the sauce	sosul
No, he is offering the sauce to him.	Nu, îi oferă lui sosul.
to her (stressed)	ei
the tip	bacșișul
He wants the pizza, and I am leaving the tip to her!	El vrea pizza, iar eu îi las ei bacșișul!
to you (pl.)	vouă
Have you guys decided? I brought the drink to you.	Ați hotărât? V-am adus vouă băutura.
to them (stressed)	lor
They hated the soup, so I am not offering the spicy sauce to them.	Au urât supa, așa că nu le ofer lor sosul picant.
He brings the water to me, and he offers the beer to you.	Mie îmi aduce apa, iar ție îți oferă berea.
We decided to eat the pizza, but we have not seen it.	Am hotărât să mâncăm pizza, dar n-am văzut-o.
We are not leaving a tip, because he forgot the sauce.	Nu lăsăm bacșiș, pentru că a uitat sosul.
The glasses are dirty, so we decided to drink the water from the bottle.	Paharele sunt murdare, așa că am hotărât să bem apa din sticlă.
Because he mixed up the order, he is bringing the sour soup to you guys.	Pentru că a încurcat comanda, vă aduce vouă ciorba.
The waiter mixed up the order, but we decided to leave the tip to him.	Chelnerul a încurcat comanda, dar am hotărât să îi lăsăm bacșișul lui.
I decided to offer the pizza to you, not to them.	Am hotărât să îți ofer pizza ție, nu lor.
Did you decide to bring the steak to me, and the soup to her?	Ați hotărât să-mi aduceți mie friptura, iar ei să-i aduceți supa?
You mixed up the soup, but did you decide to bring the spicy sauce to me?	Ai încurcat ciorba, dar ai hotărât să îmi aduci sosul picant mie?

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