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### Tuning In: Broadcasts and Antennas

Welcome to the studio! In this lesson, you will learn the essential vocabulary for radio broadcasting. We will start with the absolute basics of getting a signal on the airwaves, which involves **transmisiunea** (the transmission) and **antena** (the antenna).

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### The Voices on the Air

Who runs the station? You will often hear from **crainicul** (the announcer) or **prezentatoarea** (the presenter) speaking from **studioul** (the studio). 

When identifying someone, you can use the phrase **cel care** to mean "the one who." You will also encounter the phrase **fără să** (without), which triggers the subjunctive mood when describing an action done without something else happening.

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### Frequencies and Interference

Sometimes things do not go smoothly on the airwaves. You might encounter **interferența** (interference) on a specific **unda** (wave). To politely ask someone to look into an issue, you can use the conditional form of *a putea* (can / to be able to), such as *ați putea* (could you).

You will also see the phrase **până să** (by the time / before) paired with the verb **a difuza** (to broadcast). Like many Romanian conjunctions, *până să* is followed by a verb in the subjunctive mood.

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### Hosting the Show

Finally, let's talk about **moderatorul** (the host) and **emisia** (the broadcast). 

When talking about hypothetical situations in the past, Romanian uses the past conditional. It is formed using the conditional *ar fi* along with the past participle of the main verb (for example, *dacă ar fi funcționat* meaning "if it had worked"). 

You will also use two prepositional phrases to specify timing or subject matter: **în cursul** (during) and **în privința** (regarding). Both of these phrases require the noun that follows them to take the genitive case. Notice how *emisia* transforms into *emisiei* after these prepositions.

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Radio Broadcasting

adjective

adverb

adverbial phrase

auxiliary

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The verb to be and definite articles (a fi, -ul, -le)

Feminine definite articles (-a, -ua)

Indefinite articles (un, o)

Negative sentences (nu)

Question words (ce, unde, cine)

The verb to have (a avea)

Masculine plural nouns (-i, -ii)

Feminine plural nouns (-e, -i, -le)

Neuter plural nouns (-uri, -e, -le)

Adjectives and agreement

Present tense of regular -a verbs

Present tense of -a verbs with suffix (-ez)

Present tense of regular -i and -î verbs

Present tense of -i and -î verbs with suffix (-esc / -ăsc)

Present tense of -ea and -e verbs

Reflexive pronouns (mă, te, se, ne, vă)

Accusative prepositions (în, la, pe, din, cu)

Likes and dislikes (îmi place)

Possessive adjectives (meu, tău, său)

Third-person possessives (lui, ei, lor)

Possessive articles (al, a, ai, ale)

Formal politeness (dumneavoastră)

Demonstrative adjectives (acest, acel)

Numbers 1 to 10

The number two (doi, două)

Numbers 11 to 20

Counting by tens to 100

Quantifying large numbers (de)

The subjunctive (să)

Third-person subjunctive (să)

Direct object pronouns (îl, o, îi, le)

Personal direct objects (pe)

Days of the week

Telling time (e ora...)

Months of the Year (January to June)

Months of the Year (July to December)

The Four Seasons

Weather Conditions

Rooms in a House

Basic Body Parts: Upper Body

Basic Body Parts: Limbs

Everyday Clothing

Basic Foods: Groceries

Fruits and Vegetables

Around Town

Getting Around

Setting the Table

A Colorful World

Common Animals

In the Wild

Jobs and Careers

Everyday Tech

Describing people (tânăr, bătrân, înalt)

Asking when and why (când, de ce, care)

Hello and goodbye (bună ziua, la revedere)

Coming and going (intra, sta, trece)

Where is it? (sub, lângă, între)

Knowing and thinking (știu că, cred că)

Sorry, welcome, congratulations (îmi pare rău, la mulți ani)

Introducing yourself (mă numesc, sunt din România)

How much and how many (puțin, prea, doar)

Can and may (pot merge, pot să merg)

If and whether (dacă)

At school and university

Irregular verbs in the present (vrea, lua, da, bea, sta)

Free time and sport

How much is it? (cât costă, câți, câte)

Before and after (înainte, după, până)

At the doctor (mă doare)

Meals of the day (micul dejun, prânzul, cina)

At the restaurant

Ability and permission (a putea să)

Obligation and necessity (trebuie să)

Desires and intentions (a vrea să)

Impersonal statements (se)

Adverbs of frequency (adesea, uneori)

Conjunctions for reasons and links (pentru că, deci)

Stressed accusative pronouns (pe mine, pe tine)

Indefinite pronouns (cineva, ceva)

Negative pronouns and double negation (nimeni, nimic)

The past tense auxiliary (am, ai, a)

The past tense (am, ai, a)

Regular past participles (-at, -it)

Regular past participles (-ut, -s, -t)

Negative past tense (nu am)

Question	Answer
the transmission	transmisiunea
the antenna	antena
The transmission is bad, so we must repair the antenna.	Transmisiunea este proastă, așa că trebuie să reparăm antena.
the announcer	crainicul
the studio	studioul
The announcer is the one who entered the studio early.	Crainicul este cel care a intrat devreme în studio.
the presenter	prezentatoarea
to broadcast	difuza
The presenter (f) will broadcast a new podcast tomorrow.	Prezentatoarea va difuza un podcast nou mâine.
the listener	ascultătorul
The listener changed the frequency without asking.	Ascultătorul a schimbat frecvența fără să întrebe.
the interference	interferența
the wave	unda
Could you check the interference on this wave?	Ați putea să verificați interferența pe această undă?
By the time they arrive, they will broadcast the transmission.	Până să ajungă, ei vor difuza transmisiunea.
The new antenna does not have interferences.	Antena nouă nu are interferențe.
The announcer spoke with a loyal listener.	Crainicul a vorbit cu un ascultător loial.
The presenter (f) is the one who found the frequency on this wave.	Prezentatoarea este cea care a găsit frecvența pe această undă.
The presenter (f) left the studio without turning off the radio.	Prezentatoarea a plecat din studio fără să oprească radioul.
the host (of a show)	moderatorul
the broadcast	emisia
If the radio had worked, the host would have started the broadcast.	Dacă radioul ar fi funcționat, moderatorul ar fi început emisia.
During the broadcast, the host spoke about modern music.	În cursul emisiei, moderatorul a vorbit despre muzica modernă.
to pick up	capta
The listener adjusted the antenna until he picked up the signal.	Ascultătorul a reglat antena până când a captat semnalul.
Before she picked up the signal, the presenter checked the microphone.	Până să capteze semnalul, prezentatoarea a verificat microfonul.
I called the host regarding last night's broadcast.	Am sunat moderatorul în privința emisiei de aseară.

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