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### Dimensions and Measurements

Let's expand our mathematical vocabulary by looking at the properties of shapes. We start with fundamental measurements like **lungimea** (the length), **diametrul** (the diameter), and **aria** (the area).

To express purpose or "in order to," Romanian uses the phrase **pentru a** followed by a verb in the infinitive (e.g., *pentru a calcula* - in order to calculate).

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When describing how these measurements change over time, you can use the phrases **din ce în ce mai** or **tot mai**. Both phrases mean "more and more" or "increasingly" when placed before an adjective.

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### Dependencies

In geometry, one value often relies on another, such as **dimensiunea** (the dimension). To say that something "depends on" something else, use the verb phrase **depinde de**.

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### Volumes and 3D Shapes

Moving from flat surfaces to 3D objects, we calculate **volumul** (the volume). Let's look at some classic three-dimensional shapes: **cilindrul** (the cylinder), **conul** (the cone), and **piramida** (the pyramid).

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### Spheres and Space

Another essential 3D shape is **sfera** (the sphere). When discussing objects that exist in three dimensions, you will use the adjective **spațial** (spatial). Remember that adjectives change their endings to match the gender and number of the noun they describe (e.g., *designul spațial*, *forma spațială*).

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### Surfaces and Diagonals

Finally, we can measure other structural aspects of these objects like **lățimea** (the width), **suprafața** (the surface), and **diagonala** (the diagonal).

If you want to describe an action done "so that" a specific result happens, use the conjunction phrase **astfel încât**. This triggers the subjunctive mood for the following verb, which is why it is paired with *să*.

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Geometry

adjective

adverb

adverbial phrase

auxiliary

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The verb to be and definite articles (a fi, -ul, -le)

Feminine definite articles (-a, -ua)

Indefinite articles (un, o)

Negative sentences (nu)

Question words (ce, unde, cine)

The verb to have (a avea)

Masculine plural nouns (-i, -ii)

Feminine plural nouns (-e, -i, -le)

Neuter plural nouns (-uri, -e, -le)

Adjectives and agreement

Present tense of regular -a verbs

Present tense of -a verbs with suffix (-ez)

Present tense of regular -i and -î verbs

Present tense of -i and -î verbs with suffix (-esc / -ăsc)

Present tense of -ea and -e verbs

Reflexive pronouns (mă, te, se, ne, vă)

Accusative prepositions (în, la, pe, din, cu)

Likes and dislikes (îmi place)

Possessive adjectives (meu, tău, său)

Third-person possessives (lui, ei, lor)

Possessive articles (al, a, ai, ale)

Formal politeness (dumneavoastră)

Demonstrative adjectives (acest, acel)

Numbers 1 to 10

The number two (doi, două)

Numbers 11 to 20

Counting by tens to 100

Quantifying large numbers (de)

The subjunctive (să)

Third-person subjunctive (să)

Direct object pronouns (îl, o, îi, le)

Personal direct objects (pe)

Days of the week

Telling time (e ora...)

Months of the Year (January to June)

Months of the Year (July to December)

The Four Seasons

Weather Conditions

Rooms in a House

Basic Body Parts: Upper Body

Basic Body Parts: Limbs

Everyday Clothing

Basic Foods: Groceries

Fruits and Vegetables

Around Town

Getting Around

Setting the Table

A Colorful World

Common Animals

In the Wild

Jobs and Careers

Everyday Tech

Describing people (tânăr, bătrân, înalt)

Asking when and why (când, de ce, care)

Hello and goodbye (bună ziua, la revedere)

Coming and going (intra, sta, trece)

Where is it? (sub, lângă, între)

Knowing and thinking (știu că, cred că)

Sorry, welcome, congratulations (îmi pare rău, la mulți ani)

Introducing yourself (mă numesc, sunt din România)

How much and how many (puțin, prea, doar)

Can and may (pot merge, pot să merg)

If and whether (dacă)

At school and university

Irregular verbs in the present (vrea, lua, da, bea, sta)

Free time and sport

How much is it? (cât costă, câți, câte)

Before and after (înainte, după, până)

At the doctor (mă doare)

Meals of the day (micul dejun, prânzul, cina)

At the restaurant

Ability and permission (a putea să)

Obligation and necessity (trebuie să)

Desires and intentions (a vrea să)

Impersonal statements (se)

Adverbs of frequency (adesea, uneori)

Conjunctions for reasons and links (pentru că, deci)

Stressed accusative pronouns (pe mine, pe tine)

Indefinite pronouns (cineva, ceva)

Negative pronouns and double negation (nimeni, nimic)

The past tense auxiliary (am, ai, a)

The past tense (am, ai, a)

Regular past participles (-at, -it)

Regular past participles (-ut, -s, -t)

Negative past tense (nu am)

Question	Answer
the length	lungimea
You use the formula to calculate the length.	Folosești formula pentru a calcula lungimea.
The length of this bridge is getting bigger and bigger.	Lungimea acestui pod este din ce în ce mai mare.
the diameter	diametrul
The diameter of the circle becomes smaller and smaller.	Diametrul cercului devine tot mai mic.
the area (surface)	aria
The area of the circle depends on its diameter.	Aria cercului depinde de diametrul său.
To calculate the area, she measures the length.	Pentru a calcula aria, ea măsoară lungimea.
the dimension	dimensiunea
The price of the box depends on its dimension.	Prețul cutiei depinde de dimensiunea sa.
Each new dimension is getting clearer and clearer.	Fiecare nouă dimensiune este din ce în ce mai clară.
The teacher explains the rule to find the volume.	Profesorul explică regula pentru a găsi volumul.
the cylinder	cilindrul
This object has the volume of a cylinder.	Acest obiect are volumul unui cilindru.
the cone	conul
The student looks at the cylinder and at the cone.	Studentul se uită la cilindru și la con.
the pyramid	piramida
The pyramid and the cone are getting harder and harder to draw.	Piramida și conul sunt tot mai greu de desenat.
The architect's success depends on this pyramid.	Succesul arhitectei depinde de această piramidă.
the sphere (geometry)	sfera
He drew a sphere to demonstrate the theory.	El a desenat o sferă pentru a demonstra teoria.
spatial	spațial
The sphere is a perfect spatial shape.	Sfera este o formă spațială perfectă.
The spatial design is getting more and more modern.	Designul spațial este din ce în ce mai modern.
the width	lățimea
the surface	suprafața
The teacher calculates the width and the surface of this rectangle.	Profesoara calculează lățimea și suprafața acestui dreptunghi.
the diagonal	diagonala
The width and the diagonal of the square are different.	Lățimea și diagonala pătratului sunt diferite.
Any cylinder has a large surface.	Orice cilindru are o suprafață mare.
She is the one who measured the diagonal of the cube.	Ea este cea care a măsurat diagonala cubului.
The engineer cut the cone so that the surface is perfect.	Inginerul a tăiat conul astfel încât suprafața să fie perfectă.
The student knows what the formula for the volume of the pyramid is.	Studentul știe care este formula pentru volumul piramidei.
plus	plus
Two plus three is five.	Doi plus trei fac cinci.
What is eight plus nine?	Cât fac opt plus nouă?
minus	minus
Ten minus four is six.	Zece minus patru fac șase.
It's minus five degrees outside.	Afară sunt minus cinci grade.

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