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### Formal Clauses with "Înainte de a"

In everyday spoken Romanian, you often hear *înainte* combined with *să* and the subjunctive (e.g., *înainte să montez*). However, in formal writing and speech, it is much more common to use **înainte de a** followed immediately by the short infinitive (the dictionary form of the verb, which already starts with *a*). For example, *înainte de a monta* means "before mounting". 

Let's see how this is used when discussing the installation of a solar panel (**panoul solar**), storing energy (**a stoca**), and managing consumption (**consumul**).

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### Expressing "Without" using "Fără a"

Similarly, to say "without doing something" in a formal register, you use **fără a** directly followed by the infinitive. For instance, combining it with the verb to harm (**a dăuna**) gives you *fără a dăuna* ("without harming").

This structure is perfect for articulating the benefits of renewable (**regenerabil**) energy.

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### Discussing Sustainability

When reading official reports or environmental proposals, you will frequently encounter the concepts of sustainability (**sustenabilitatea**) and sustainable (**durabil**) practices. 

Notice how seamlessly our new formal infinitive clauses pair with this advanced vocabulary.

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Formal short infinitive clauses (înainte de a, fără a)

adjective

adverb

adverbial phrase

auxiliary

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The verb to be and definite articles (a fi, -ul, -le)

Feminine definite articles (-a, -ua)

Indefinite articles (un, o)

Negative sentences (nu)

Question words (ce, unde, cine)

The verb to have (a avea)

Masculine plural nouns (-i, -ii)

Feminine plural nouns (-e, -i, -le)

Neuter plural nouns (-uri, -e, -le)

Adjectives and agreement

Present tense of regular -a verbs

Present tense of -a verbs with suffix (-ez)

Present tense of regular -i and -î verbs

Present tense of -i and -î verbs with suffix (-esc / -ăsc)

Present tense of -ea and -e verbs

Reflexive pronouns (mă, te, se, ne, vă)

Accusative prepositions (în, la, pe, din, cu)

Likes and dislikes (îmi place)

Possessive adjectives (meu, tău, său)

Third-person possessives (lui, ei, lor)

Possessive articles (al, a, ai, ale)

Formal politeness (dumneavoastră)

Demonstrative adjectives (acest, acel)

Numbers 1 to 10

The number two (doi, două)

Numbers 11 to 20

Counting by tens to 100

Quantifying large numbers (de)

The subjunctive (să)

Third-person subjunctive (să)

Direct object pronouns (îl, o, îi, le)

Personal direct objects (pe)

Days of the week

Telling time (e ora...)

Months of the Year (January to June)

Months of the Year (July to December)

The Four Seasons

Weather Conditions

Rooms in a House

Basic Body Parts: Upper Body

Basic Body Parts: Limbs

Everyday Clothing

Basic Foods: Groceries

Fruits and Vegetables

Around Town

Getting Around

Setting the Table

A Colorful World

Common Animals

In the Wild

Jobs and Careers

Everyday Tech

Describing people (tânăr, bătrân, înalt)

Asking when and why (când, de ce, care)

Hello and goodbye (bună ziua, la revedere)

Coming and going (intra, sta, trece)

Where is it? (sub, lângă, între)

Knowing and thinking (știu că, cred că)

Sorry, welcome, congratulations (îmi pare rău, la mulți ani)

Introducing yourself (mă numesc, sunt din România)

How much and how many (puțin, prea, doar)

Can and may (pot merge, pot să merg)

If and whether (dacă)

At school and university

Irregular verbs in the present (vrea, lua, da, bea, sta)

Free time and sport

How much is it? (cât costă, câți, câte)

Before and after (înainte, după, până)

At the doctor (mă doare)

Meals of the day (micul dejun, prânzul, cina)

At the restaurant

Ability and permission (a putea să)

Obligation and necessity (trebuie să)

Desires and intentions (a vrea să)

Impersonal statements (se)

Adverbs of frequency (adesea, uneori)

Conjunctions for reasons and links (pentru că, deci)

Stressed accusative pronouns (pe mine, pe tine)

Indefinite pronouns (cineva, ceva)

Negative pronouns and double negation (nimeni, nimic)

The past tense auxiliary (am, ai, a)

The past tense (am, ai, a)

Regular past participles (-at, -it)

Regular past participles (-ut, -s, -t)

Negative past tense (nu am)

Question	Answer
before (+ infinitive)	înainte de a
the panel	panoul
solar	solar
Before mounting the solar panel, it is important to check the wall.	Înainte de a monta panoul solar, este important să verificați peretele.
renewable	regenerabil
without (+ infinitive)	fără a
to harm	dăuna
You can use renewable energy without harming the environment.	Puteți folosi energie regenerabilă fără a dăuna mediului.
to store	stoca
the consumption	consumul
Before storing the energy, it is good to reduce the consumption.	Înainte de a stoca energia, e bine să reducem consumul.
the sustainability	sustenabilitatea
sustainable	durabil
The sustainability of the project depends on a sustainable budget.	Sustenabilitatea proiectului depinde de un buget durabil.
The solar panel stores energy without consuming electricity.	Panoul solar stochează energia fără a consuma curent.
Before choosing a renewable resource, we evaluate the sustainability.	Înainte de a alege o resursă regenerabilă, evaluăm sustenabilitatea.
A sustainable society requires renewable energy and clean water.	O societate durabilă cere energie regenerabilă și apă curată.
She stores the data regarding sustainability without hiding the truth.	Ea stochează datele despre sustenabilitate fără a ascunde adevărul.
The solar panel has a positive effect on consumption.	Panoul solar are un efect pozitiv asupra consumului.
They install the solar panel without harming nature.	Ei instalează panoul solar fără a dăuna naturii.
I am pleased to announce that the project is ready.	Am plăcerea de a vă anunța că proiectul este gata.
The desire to protect the environment is growing.	Dorința de a proteja mediul este tot mai mare.
The decision to install solar panels was a good one.	Decizia de a instala panouri solare a fost bună.
The residents have the right to choose renewable energy.	Locuitorii au dreptul de a alege energie regenerabilă.

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