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### Fruit

Most fruit names are feminine and form their plural with **-e** or **-i**. Watch the stem: *cireașă* loses its **a** in the plural, and *strugure* (one grape) is almost always used in the plural, so the course teaches **strugurii** (the grapes).

| one | several | the (several) |
|---|---|---|
| o cireașă | cireșe | **cireșele** |
| o piersică | piersici | **piersicile** |
| un strugure | struguri | **strugurii** |

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### Breakfast without an article

Food you eat *some of* takes no article at all: *mănânc iaurt* (I eat yogurt), *pun gem pe pâine* (I put jam on bread). The article comes back when you mean a specific one: *iaurtul este în frigider* (the yogurt — the one we have).

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### Jam made *of* something

**De** tells you what a spread is made of: *gem de cireșe* (cherry jam), *cremă de ciocolată* (chocolate spread). **Gemul** is smooth jam; **dulceața** is the homemade kind with whole fruit in syrup — every Romanian grandmother makes it.

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### Something from the bakery

A **covrig** is the ring-shaped pretzel sold warm at every station, and a **corn** is a croissant. In the plural they become *covrigi* and *cornuri*.

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Breakfast and fruit (iaurt, gem, cireașă)

adjective

adverb

adverbial phrase

auxiliary

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The verb to be and definite articles (a fi, -ul, -le)

Feminine definite articles (-a, -ua)

Indefinite articles (un, o)

Negative sentences (nu)

Question words (ce, unde, cine)

The verb to have (a avea)

Masculine plural nouns (-i, -ii)

Feminine plural nouns (-e, -i, -le)

Neuter plural nouns (-uri, -e, -le)

Adjectives and agreement

Present tense of regular -a verbs

Present tense of -a verbs with suffix (-ez)

Present tense of regular -i and -î verbs

Present tense of -i and -î verbs with suffix (-esc / -ăsc)

Present tense of -ea and -e verbs

Reflexive pronouns (mă, te, se, ne, vă)

Accusative prepositions (în, la, pe, din, cu)

Likes and dislikes (îmi place)

Possessive adjectives (meu, tău, său)

Third-person possessives (lui, ei, lor)

Possessive articles (al, a, ai, ale)

Formal politeness (dumneavoastră)

Demonstrative adjectives (acest, acel)

Numbers 1 to 10

The number two (doi, două)

Numbers 11 to 20

Counting by tens to 100

Quantifying large numbers (de)

The subjunctive (să)

Third-person subjunctive (să)

Direct object pronouns (îl, o, îi, le)

Personal direct objects (pe)

Days of the week

Telling time (e ora...)

Months of the Year (January to June)

Months of the Year (July to December)

The Four Seasons

Weather Conditions

Rooms in a House

Basic Body Parts: Upper Body

Basic Body Parts: Limbs

Everyday Clothing

Basic Foods: Groceries

Fruits and Vegetables

Around Town

Getting Around

Setting the Table

A Colorful World

Common Animals

In the Wild

Jobs and Careers

Everyday Tech

Describing people (tânăr, bătrân, înalt)

Asking when and why (când, de ce, care)

Hello and goodbye (bună ziua, la revedere)

Coming and going (intra, sta, trece)

Where is it? (sub, lângă, între)

Knowing and thinking (știu că, cred că)

Sorry, welcome, congratulations (îmi pare rău, la mulți ani)

Introducing yourself (mă numesc, sunt din România)

How much and how many (puțin, prea, doar)

Can and may (pot merge, pot să merg)

If and whether (dacă)

At school and university

Irregular verbs in the present (vrea, lua, da, bea, sta)

Free time and sport

How much is it? (cât costă, câți, câte)

Before and after (înainte, după, până)

At the doctor (mă doare)

Meals of the day (micul dejun, prânzul, cina)

At the restaurant

Ability and permission (a putea să)

Obligation and necessity (trebuie să)

Desires and intentions (a vrea să)

Impersonal statements (se)

Adverbs of frequency (adesea, uneori)

Conjunctions for reasons and links (pentru că, deci)

Stressed accusative pronouns (pe mine, pe tine)

Indefinite pronouns (cineva, ceva)

Negative pronouns and double negation (nimeni, nimic)

The past tense auxiliary (am, ai, a)

The past tense (am, ai, a)

Regular past participles (-at, -it)

Regular past participles (-ut, -s, -t)

Negative past tense (nu am)

Question	Answer
the grapes	strugurii
The child eats grapes.	Copilul mănâncă struguri.
The grapes are very good.	Strugurii sunt foarte buni.
I buy a kilogram of grapes.	Cumpăr un kilogram de struguri.
the cherry	cireașa
I like cherries.	Îmi plac cireșele.
The cherry is small and red.	Cireașa este mică și roșie.
the peach	piersica
I want a peach.	Vreau o piersică.
The peaches are fresh.	Piersicile sunt proaspete.
the yogurt	iaurtul
I eat yogurt for breakfast.	Mănânc iaurt la micul dejun.
The yogurt is in the fridge.	Iaurtul este în frigider.
Do you want to eat a yogurt?	Vrei să mănânci un iaurt?
the jam	gemul
I put jam on the bread.	Pun gem pe pâine.
The cherry jam is tasty.	Gemul de cireșe este gustos.
the preserves (whole-fruit jam)	dulceața
Grandma makes peach preserves.	Bunica face dulceață de piersici.
The preserves are in the cupboard.	Dulceața este în dulap.
the pretzel	covrigul
I buy a pretzel at the station.	Cumpăr un covrig la gară.
The pretzels are cheap and warm.	Covrigii sunt ieftini și calzi.
the croissant	cornul
I drink coffee and eat a croissant.	Beau cafea și mănânc un corn.
I want a chocolate croissant.	Vreau un corn cu ciocolată.
the cream	crema
The children eat bread with chocolate spread.	Copiii mănâncă pâine cu cremă de ciocolată.
The dessert has a lot of cream.	Desertul are multă cremă.
the ham	șunca
Bread with butter and ham is tasty.	Pâinea cu unt și șuncă este gustoasă.
I don't eat ham.	Nu mănânc șuncă.

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