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### Exploring Physics

Welcome to the study of the physical world! In this lesson, we will cover the basics of physics (**fizica**). Many of these scientific terms are highly recognizable to English speakers, making them easy to pick up.

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### Forces in Motion

Let's look at how objects interact through gravity (**gravitația**), force (**forța**), and friction (**frecarea**). 

When expressing "because of" or "due to", Romanian uses prepositional phrases like **din cauza** or **din pricina**. These phrases require the following noun to be in the genitive case. Notice how the feminine nouns change their endings in this context (for example, **gravitația** becomes **gravitației**).

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### Acceleration and Inertia

As we measure movement (**mișcarea**), we encounter concepts like acceleration (**accelerația**) and inertia (**inerția**).

In the first example below, notice the phrase **ceea ce**. While **care** is the most common word for "which" or "that" when referring to a specific noun, **ceea ce** is used when "which" refers back to an entire preceding action or idea.

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### Particles, Magnets, and Atoms

Finally, let's zoom in on the smaller elements of our physical world, such as the particle (**particula**), the magnet (**magnetul**), and the atom (**atomul**).

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Basic Physics

adjective

adverb

adverbial phrase

auxiliary

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The verb to be and definite articles (a fi, -ul, -le)

Feminine definite articles (-a, -ua)

Indefinite articles (un, o)

Negative sentences (nu)

Question words (ce, unde, cine)

The verb to have (a avea)

Masculine plural nouns (-i, -ii)

Feminine plural nouns (-e, -i, -le)

Neuter plural nouns (-uri, -e, -le)

Adjectives and agreement

Present tense of regular -a verbs

Present tense of -a verbs with suffix (-ez)

Present tense of regular -i and -î verbs

Present tense of -i and -î verbs with suffix (-esc / -ăsc)

Present tense of -ea and -e verbs

Reflexive pronouns (mă, te, se, ne, vă)

Accusative prepositions (în, la, pe, din, cu)

Likes and dislikes (îmi place)

Possessive adjectives (meu, tău, său)

Third-person possessives (lui, ei, lor)

Possessive articles (al, a, ai, ale)

Formal politeness (dumneavoastră)

Demonstrative adjectives (acest, acel)

Numbers 1 to 10

The number two (doi, două)

Numbers 11 to 20

Counting by tens to 100

Quantifying large numbers (de)

The subjunctive (să)

Third-person subjunctive (să)

Direct object pronouns (îl, o, îi, le)

Personal direct objects (pe)

Days of the week

Telling time (e ora...)

Months of the Year (January to June)

Months of the Year (July to December)

The Four Seasons

Weather Conditions

Rooms in a House

Basic Body Parts: Upper Body

Basic Body Parts: Limbs

Everyday Clothing

Basic Foods: Groceries

Fruits and Vegetables

Around Town

Getting Around

Setting the Table

A Colorful World

Common Animals

In the Wild

Jobs and Careers

Everyday Tech

Describing people (tânăr, bătrân, înalt)

Asking when and why (când, de ce, care)

Hello and goodbye (bună ziua, la revedere)

Coming and going (intra, sta, trece)

Where is it? (sub, lângă, între)

Knowing and thinking (știu că, cred că)

Sorry, welcome, congratulations (îmi pare rău, la mulți ani)

Introducing yourself (mă numesc, sunt din România)

How much and how many (puțin, prea, doar)

Can and may (pot merge, pot să merg)

If and whether (dacă)

At school and university

Irregular verbs in the present (vrea, lua, da, bea, sta)

Free time and sport

How much is it? (cât costă, câți, câte)

Before and after (înainte, după, până)

At the doctor (mă doare)

Meals of the day (micul dejun, prânzul, cina)

At the restaurant

Ability and permission (a putea să)

Obligation and necessity (trebuie să)

Desires and intentions (a vrea să)

Impersonal statements (se)

Adverbs of frequency (adesea, uneori)

Conjunctions for reasons and links (pentru că, deci)

Stressed accusative pronouns (pe mine, pe tine)

Indefinite pronouns (cineva, ceva)

Negative pronouns and double negation (nimeni, nimic)

The past tense auxiliary (am, ai, a)

The past tense (am, ai, a)

Regular past participles (-at, -it)

Regular past participles (-ut, -s, -t)

Negative past tense (nu am)

Question	Answer
the physics	fizica
The student studies physics because he wants to understand the universe.	Studentul studiază fizica pentru că vrea să înțeleagă universul.
the gravity	gravitația
the force	forța
Gravity is a force that attracts objects.	Gravitația este o forță care atrage obiectele.
Because of gravity, the apple falls on the ground.	Din cauza gravitației, mărul cade pe pământ.
the friction	frecarea
the movement	mișcarea
Friction stops the movement of the car.	Frecarea oprește mișcarea mașinii.
We observe that the speed drops because of friction.	Observăm că viteza scade din pricina frecării.
the acceleration	accelerația
The acceleration of the car depends on force.	Accelerația mașinii depinde de forță.
the particle	particula
We saw the movement of the particles in the water.	Am văzut mișcarea particulelor în apă.
The professor calculates the acceleration, which is an important detail.	Profesorul calculează accelerația, ceea ce este un detaliu important.
This small particle is invisible.	Această particulă mică este invizibilă.
the magnet	magnetul
The little girl plays with a powerful magnet.	Fetița se joacă cu un magnet puternic.
I saw the magnet attracting the metal.	Am văzut magnetul atrăgând metalul.
the inertia	inerția
Inertia means that an object remains in place.	Inerția înseamnă că un obiect rămâne pe loc.
We did not stop in time because of inertia.	Nu ne-am oprit la timp din cauza inerției.
the atom	atomul
We study the atom in the physics course.	Studiem atomul la cursul de fizică.
The researcher discovered a new atom.	Cercetătorul a descoperit un atom nou.