inability of dogs to attempt to escape avoidable shocks after having received inescapable shocks
failure of dogs to learn to from prior mistakes
ability of dogs to learn to help other dogs escape situations in which they are receiving uncontrollable shocks
inability of dogs to learn to help other dogs escape situations in which they are receiving uncontrollable electric shocks
The concept of learned helplessness was formulated by Seligman to explain the ________.
