| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Negative effects of stress are most likely to be experienced when an event is perceived as ________. | threatening, and no clear options for dealing with it are apparent negative, but it is likely to affect one’s friends rather than oneself challenging confusing |
| Between 2006 and 2009, the greatest increases in stress levels were found to occur among ________. | the unemployed Black people those aged 45–64 those without college degrees |
| At which stage of Selye’s general adaptation syndrome is a person especially vulnerable to illness? | exhaustion alarm reaction fight-or-flight resistance |
| During an encounter judged as stressful, cortisol is released by the ________. | adrenal glands sympathetic nervous system hypothalamus pituitary gland |
| According to the Holmes and Rahe scale, which life event requires the greatest amount of readjustment? | death of spouse marriage personal illness divorce |
| While waiting to pay for his weekly groceries at the supermarket, Paul had to wait about 20 minutes in a long line at the checkout because only one cashier was on duty. When he was finally ready to pay, his debit card was declined because he did not have enough money left in his checking account. Because he had left his credit cards at home, he had to place the groceries back into the cart and head home to retrieve a credit card. While driving back to his home, traffic was backed up two miles due to an accident. These events that Paul had to endure are best characterized as ________. | daily hassles chronic stressors acute stressors readjustment occurrences |
| What is one of the major criticisms of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale? | It does not take into consideration how a person appraises an event. It has too few items. It was developed using only people from the New England region of the United States. None of the items included are positive. |
| Which of the following is not a dimension of job burnout? | hostility depersonalization exhaustion diminished personal accomplishment |
| The white blood cells that attack foreign invaders to the body are called ________. | lymphocytes antibodies telomeres immune cells |
| The risk of heart disease is especially high among individuals with ________. | depression asthma telomeres lymphocytes |
| The most lethal dimension of Type A behavior pattern seems to be ________. | hostility impatience time urgency competitive drive |
| Which of the following statements pertaining to asthma is false? | Rates of asthma have decreased considerably since 2000. Parental and interpersonal conflicts have been tied to the development of asthma. Asthma sufferers can experience asthma-like symptoms simply by believing that an inert substance they breathe will lead to airway obstruction. Asthma has been shown to be linked to periods of depression. |
| Emotion-focused coping would likely be a better method than problem-focused coping for dealing with which of the following stressors? | terminal cancer poor grades in school unemployment divorce |
| Studies of British civil servants have found that those in the lowest status jobs are much more likely to develop heart disease than those who have high status jobs. These findings attest to the importance of ________ in dealing with stress. | perceived control biofeedback social support emotion-focused coping |
| Relative to those with low levels of social support, individuals with high levels of social support ________. | tend to tolerate stress well are more likely to develop asthma tend to have less perceived control are more likely to develop cardiovascular disorders |
| The concept of learned helplessness was formulated by Seligman to explain the ________. | inability of dogs to attempt to escape avoidable shocks after having received inescapable shocks failure of dogs to learn to from prior mistakes ability of dogs to learn to help other dogs escape situations in which they are receiving uncontrollable shocks inability of dogs to learn to help other dogs escape situations in which they are receiving uncontrollable electric shocks |
| Which of the following is not one of the presumed components of happiness? | learning new skills using our talents to help improve the lives of others regular pleasurable experiences identifying and using our talents to enrich our lives |
| Researchers have identified a number of factors that are related to happiness. Which of the following is not one of them? | physical attractiveness age annual income up to $75,000 marriage |
| How does positive affect differ from optimism? | Positive affect involves feeling states, whereas optimism involves expectations. Optimism is more scientific than positive affect. Positive affect is more scientific than optimism. Optimism involves feeling states, whereas positive affect involves expectations. |
| Carson enjoys writing mystery novels, and has even managed to publish some of his work. When he’s writing, Carson becomes extremely focused on his work; in fact, he becomes so absorbed that that he often loses track of time, often staying up well past 3 a.m. Carson’s experience best illustrates the concept of ________. | flow happiness set point adaptation positive affect |
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