Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

Portuguese (Portugal)

### The Repudiation Infinitive

When someone suggests something so absurd, shocking, or ridiculous that you simply cannot accept it, Portuguese offers a dramatic way to react: the Repudiation Infinitive (*Infinitivo de repúdio*).

In English, this is similar to exclaiming, "Me do *that*?!". To form it in Portuguese, use the subject pronoun (like **eu**) directly followed by the unconjugated infinitive of the verb. It is spoken with heavy emphasis and almost always written with a combination of a question mark and an exclamation point (?!).

{{item:1050270}}

{{item:1050276}}

{{item:1050282}}

### Reacting to Nonsense

You can easily pair the repudiation infinitive with follow-up phrases that declare how impossible or foolish an idea is—perfect for rejecting a charlatan's wild predictions.

{{item:1050278}}

{{item:1050285}}

### Using Other Pronouns

You can use this structure to express shock at what someone else is expected to do. If the subject is **ele** or **ela**, the verb remains in its standard infinitive form.

{{item:1050287}}

However, if the subject is **nós** (us), you must conjugate the verb into the **personal infinitive**. For *nós*, this means adding **-mos** to the end of the infinitive.

{{item:1050288}}

The repudiation infinitive

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Question	Answer
the zodiac	o zodíaco
astral	astral
Me study the zodiac and the astral chart?!	Eu estudar o zodíaco e o mapa astral?!
the clairvoyant	a vidente
the nonsense	o disparate
ridiculous	ridículo
The clairvoyant said ridiculous nonsense about me.	A vidente disse um disparate ridículo sobre mim.
the prophecy	a profecia
Me believe in the clairvoyant's prophecy?!	Eu acreditar na profecia da vidente?!
the lottery	a lotaria
Me win the lottery tomorrow?! That is ridiculous!	Eu ganhar a lotaria amanhã?! Isso é ridículo!
Mercury	Mercúrio
retrograde	retrógrado
Do you think that Mercury is retrograde? What nonsense!	Achas que Mercúrio está retrógrado? Que disparate!
Me be afraid of retrograde Mercury?!	Eu ter medo de Mercúrio retrógrado?!
the charlatan	o charlatão
Neither the clairvoyant nor that charlatan will win the lottery.	Nem a vidente nem esse charlatão vão ganhar a lotaria.
Me pay a charlatan to read the zodiac?!	Eu pagar a um charlatão para ler o zodíaco?!
The astral prophecy is false, in fact, it is impossible.	A profecia astral é falsa, aliás, é impossível.
Him change his life because of an astral prophecy?!	Ele mudar de vida por causa de uma profecia astral?!
Us believe in that charlatan?!	Nós acreditarmos nesse charlatão?!