Probability (Future and Conditional)

Guessing About the Present: The Future Simple

Usually, the Future Simple tells us what will happen. However, in European Portuguese, it is frequently used to express probability, make assumptions, or guess about the present moment.

Imagine you are throwing a surprise party, but the guest of honor (o homenageado) is running late. Instead of saying "I think he is at work," you can use the Future Simple to express "He is probably at work" or ask "Could he be at work?":

Where could the guest of honor be now?
Onde estará o homenageado agora?
Could he have a setback at work?
Ele terá um contratempo no trabalho?
The traffic is probably unbearable in the center.
O trânsito estará insuportável no centro.

Notice how translating these sentences back to English often requires words like "probably," "could," or "must be" to capture this guessing nature.

Guessing About the Past: The Conditional

To make a guess or assumption about the past, shift from the Future Simple to the Conditional tense. This is the equivalent of asking "Could he have been...?" or stating "He was probably...":

Upon arriving at the room, was the guest of honor probably nervous?
Ao chegar à sala, o homenageado estaria nervoso?
Was he probably out of battery on his mobile phone?
Ele estaria sem bateria no telemóvel?

Formulating Theories

When someone is delayed, you naturally come up with theories. You can mix and match the Future and Conditional tenses depending on whether you are guessing about an ongoing problem or a past event.

If you think his tire popped earlier (past), use the Conditional:

Seeing that he is late, could the car have had a puncture?
Visto que está atrasado, o carro teria um furo?

If you think he is currently fixing it (present), use the Future Simple:

He is probably fixing the puncture.
Ele estará a arranjar o furo.

Likewise, you can wonder if the delay is a simple mistake right now (Future), or conclude that the location itself was probably a mistake they made earlier (Conditional):

Could this just be a mistake?
Isto será apenas um engano?
Given that he doesn't know the area well, the location was probably the mistake.
Dado que não conhece bem a zona, a localização seria o engano.