Defective verbs (colorir, falir)

Verbos Defetivos (Defective Verbs)

In Portuguese, some verbs are "defective" (verbos defetivos). This simply means they have morphological gaps—they are missing certain conjugations in specific tenses.

Two common examples in the context of design and publishing are colorir (to color) and banir (to ban). In the present tense, these verbs completely lack a first-person singular (eu) form. However, forms for other subjects, like ele, ela, or nós, are perfectly normal and can be used directly.

She colors the typography with another palette.
Ela colore a tipografia com outra paleta.
The printing shop itself bans another typography from the system.
A gráfica mesma bane outra tipografia do sistema.

Working Around the Gaps

Because forms like eu coloro or eu bano do not exist, you have to work around (contornar) the missing conjugations.

To express "I color" or "I ban", simply use an auxiliary verb—such as costumar (to usually do), passar a (to start to), or decidir (to decide)—followed by the defective verb in the infinitive.

I usually color the edition with such a palette.
Eu costumo colorir a edição com tal paleta.
I myself usually ban that color from the leaflet.
Eu própria costumo banir essa cor do folheto.
I start coloring the brochure, because I am the designer.
Eu passo a colorir a brochura, pois sou o designer.

The Verb Falir

The verb falir (to go bankrupt) is even more restricted. In the present indicative tense, it only exists for nós and vós.

Without another edition, we go bankrupt tomorrow.
Sem outra edição, nós falimos amanhã.

For other subjects in the present tense, you must rephrase using the infinitive, such as estar a falir (to be going bankrupt) or ir falir (to be going to go bankrupt).

The printing press is going bankrupt, but the designer works around the problem.
A gráfica está a falir, mas o designer contorna o problema.
Although our printing shop is going to go bankrupt, the printing is fantastic.
Embora a nossa gráfica vá falir, a impressão é fantástica.

Fortunately, defective verbs often have complete conjugations in the past tenses. For instance, you can use falir in the preterite (simple past) tense for any subject without needing a workaround.

The printing shop went bankrupt yesterday, therefore we ourselves draw the poster.
A gráfica faliu ontem, por isso nós próprios desenhamos o cartaz.