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Portuguese (Portugal)

When preparing for a trip, you will constantly be checking things off your to-do list. To talk about what you have accomplished and what is still pending, Portuguese uses two key time expressions:

- **já** (already)
- **ainda não** (not yet — literally "still not")

Both expressions are usually placed immediately before the verb.

### The Simple Past for Checklists

In English, we often use the present perfect to ask about checklist items ("Have you already confirmed?"). In Portuguese, this is much simpler: you usually just use the simple past tense (*Pretérito Perfeito Simples*) paired with **já** or **ainda não**.

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### Taking Care of Details

A very common Portuguese verb for running errands and managing tasks is **tratar de** (to take care of). Notice how **já** and **ainda não** sit right in front of the conjugated verb to organize your travel itinerary (*o roteiro*).

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### Payments and Purchases

Whether you are paying for travel insurance (*o seguro*) or looking for your credit card (*o cartão*), the sentence structure remains exactly the same. Keep **já** or **ainda não** firmly planted before the action.

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Already and not yet (já, ainda não)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Question	Answer
to confirm	confirmar
the reservation	a reserva
Did you already confirm the reservation?	Já confirmaste a reserva?
I cannot confirm the reservation yet.	Ainda não posso confirmar a reserva.
to choose	escolher
the destination	o destino
We already chose the destination for the vacation.	Já escolhemos o destino para as férias.
They have not chosen the destination yet.	Eles ainda não escolheram o destino.
to take care of	tratar de
the visa	o visto
I already took care of the visa today.	Já tratei do visto hoje.
Did he already take care of the visa?	Ele já tratou do visto?
the agency	a agência
We already went to the agency.	Já fomos à agência.
Did you already pass by the agency?	Já passaste pela agência?
the itinerary	o roteiro
I already prepared the itinerary.	Já preparei o roteiro.
She has not prepared the itinerary yet.	Ela ainda não preparou o roteiro.
the insurance	o seguro
the card	o cartão
Did you already pay for the insurance with the card?	Já pagaste o seguro com o cartão?
We haven't bought the insurance yet.	Ainda não comprámos o seguro.
I haven't found the card yet.	Ainda não encontrei o cartão.