Learn Polish: Rozłożyłem mapę na biurku. - I laid out the map on the desk.

The base verb comes from łożyć (to put or lay), which you usually see in the perfective form położyć (to put down). The prefix roz- adds the meaning of spreading out, unfolding, or separating. So, rozłożyć means "to lay out," "to unfold," or "to spread out" — exactly what you do when you open a folded map.

Can I use rozłożyć to mean taking something apart, since roz- means separation?

Yes! Because the prefix roz- indicates pulling things apart, rozłożyć is a very versatile verb. Aside from unfolding a map, it can mean "to dismantle" or "take apart" (like a machine, a laptop, or furniture). It is also the verb you use "to set up" something that unfolds, like a tent (rozłożyć namiot).

Why is it na biurku instead of na biurko?

The preposition na takes the Accusative case for destination (motion onto) and the Locative case for a static position. Interestingly, with verbs of placing like rozłożyć (to lay out) or położyć (to put), Polish standardly uses the Locative case (na biurku) to focus on the result of the action: the map is now resting flat on the desk.

How would a female speaker say this sentence?