Breakdown of Rolnik idący wśród pól to mój sąsiad.
iść
to go
mój
my
to
is (linking copula)
sąsiad
neighbor
wśród
among
rolnik
the farmer
pole
the field
Questions & Answers about Rolnik idący wśród pól to mój sąsiad.
How do we form idący from the verb iść?
Active adjectival participles are built from the "they" form (3rd person plural) of the present tense. For iść (to walk), "they walk" is idą. You take that whole word and just add -cy to get the masculine nominative form idący (walking).
Why does idący have the -y ending in this sentence?
The suffix -ący creates an active adjectival participle, which means a verb is turned into an adjective that describes what someone is currently doing. Just like any adjective, it has to match the noun it describes in gender, number, and case. Since rolnik (farmer) is masculine nominative singular, the participle takes the matching masculine ending -y, giving us idący.
Why is the word for "fields" spelled pól here?
The preposition wśród (among) forces the following noun to be in the genitive case. We are talking about multiple fields, so we need the genitive plural of the neuter noun pole. In the genitive plural, pole drops its final vowel and the root vowel changes from o to ó, becoming pól.
Why does the sentence use to instead of jest for the word "is"?
When connecting two noun phrases to say "X is a Y", Polish often uses the word to instead of the verb być (to be). The advantage of using to is that both nouns (rolnik and sąsiad) can stay in the basic nominative case. If you used jest, the second noun phrase would have to be in the instrumental case: ...jest moim sąsiadem.
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