Breakdown of Baterie, które są na stole, są pełne.
być
to be
stół
table
na
on, at / to (motion toward) / for (a meal) / for (waiting for)
który
which, who (relative)
Questions & Answers about Baterie, które są na stole, są pełne.
Why is the word for "that" które here, and not another form like który or którzy?
The relative pronoun has to match the noun it replaces in gender, number, and case. Here, it replaces baterie (batteries) as the subject of the middle clause. Because baterie is a plural object, it falls into the non-masculine-personal category, so we use the matching plural form które. If it were a singular masculine noun, it would be który, and for a group of men, it would be którzy.
Why are there commas around the phrase które są na stole?
Polish has strict comma rules compared to English. You must always place a comma before a relative pronoun like który, która, or które. Since this extra information is dropped right into the middle of the main sentence, it needs a comma at the beginning and the end to separate it.
Why does the word for table (stół) change to stole here?
We are describing a static location using the preposition na (on), which requires the Locative case. The word stół undergoes two common spelling shifts when we add the Locative ending -e: the ó reverts to a regular o, and the hard ł softens to l, resulting in na stole.
Why does the adjective pełne (full) end in -e?