Questions & Answers about Rano nie ma słońca.
Why is it słońca instead of słońce?
This is the main rule of your current lesson! Whenever you use nie ma to say "there is no" or that something is absent, the noun that follows must take the Genitive case. For the neuter noun słońce (sun), the final -e changes to -a, giving us słońca.
Doesn't nie ma literally mean "he/she/it doesn't have"?
Yes, it does! However, Polish uses this exact phrase to mean "there is no" or "is not here". So instead of saying "the sun is not", a Polish speaker uses nie ma combined with the Genitive case to express that the sun is absent.
Why doesn't the word rano change its ending like słońce did?
While rano is a neuter noun meaning "morning", here it is used as a fixed time word (an adverb) meaning "in the morning". Because it is just telling us when this happens, its form stays exactly as rano and doesn't need to change for the Genitive case.
Could I change the word order and say Nie ma słońca rano instead?
Absolutely. Word order in Polish is quite flexible. Putting rano at the beginning just sets the scene first (like saying "As for the morning..."), but moving it to the end is completely natural and means the exact same thing.