Questions & Answers about Czy pan dzisiaj pracuje?
Why is there no word for "Are" or "Do" at the start of this question?
In Polish, yes/no questions usually start with the question word czy. English uses helper words like "Are" or "Do", but Polish just puts czy at the beginning of a normal statement. Pan dzisiaj pracuje means "You are working today, sir", so adding czy at the front turns it into a question.
Why is the verb pracuje used here instead of pracujesz?
Because this sentence uses the formal word for "you" (pan). When you address a man formally as pan (sir), you must use the "he/she/it" form of the verb. If you were talking to a friend, you would use the informal ty and ask Czy ty dzisiaj pracujesz?.
How do I change this to ask "Are you NOT working today, sir?" using what we are learning about negation?
Can I put dzisiaj at the end of the sentence?
Absolutely. Czy pan pracuje dzisiaj? is perfectly fine. Polish word order is quite flexible. Putting dzisiaj (today) before the verb is just a very common and natural way to phrase it.