Breakdown of Geografia to moja ulubiona lekcja.
mój
my
to
is (linking copula)
lekcja
lesson
ulubiony
favorite
geografia
geography
Questions & Answers about Geografia to moja ulubiona lekcja.
Why do we use to instead of jest for 'is' here?
When you link two noun phrases to say 'A is B' in Polish, you have two choices. You can use to, which keeps both sides in the Nominative (dictionary) case, as seen here: Geografia to moja ulubiona lekcja. Alternatively, you can use the verb jest, but then the second part must change to the Instrumental case: Geografia jest moją ulubioną lekcją.
Could I mix them and say 'Geografia to moją ulubioną lekcją'?
No, you cannot mix the structures. The linking word to acts like an equals sign and requires the Nominative case on both sides. The Instrumental case (moją ulubioną lekcją) is strictly triggered by using the verb jest.
Why use lekcja instead of klasa for the English word 'class'?
Klasa is a false friend here. In Polish, klasa refers to the physical classroom room or a specific group of students. When talking about a period of teaching, you must use lekcja (lesson). If you mean the academic discipline itself, you could also say przedmiot (subject), as in: Geografia to mój ulubiony przedmiot.
Should school subjects always be capitalized in Polish?
No, Geografia is only capitalized here because it is the first word of the sentence. Unlike English, Polish does not capitalize the names of school subjects, academic disciplines, or even languages. If it were in the middle of a sentence, it would be written in lowercase as geografia.
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