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### From

**{{item:955051}}** followed by the **Genitive** means *from* — where you are from, and where you are coming back from:

{{item:955052}}

{{item:955054}}

You already know **z** meaning *with*. The case tells them apart: **z** + Instrumental is *with* (**z bratem**), **z** + Genitive is *from* (**z Polski**).

### Countries

| country | from ... |
|---|---|
| Polska | z Polski |
| {{item:955056}} | z Anglii |
| {{item:955064}} | z Ameryki |
| {{item:955062}} | z Ukrainy |
| {{item:955059}} | z Niemiec |

Most country names are feminine and take the **-i / -y** Genitive you know from **do Polski**. **Niemcy** (*Germany*) is a plural word — learn **z Niemiec** as a set form.

{{item:955057}}

{{item:955060}}

### ze

Before a word starting with **s-**, **z-**, **sz-** or **ś-**, **z** becomes **ze** for pronunciation:

{{item:955055}}

### The three directions

| question | preposition | example |
|---|---|---|
| Gdzie? (where) | w / na + Locative | w Polsce |
| Dokąd? (where to) | do + Genitive | do Polski |
| Skąd? (where from) | z + Genitive | z Polski |

Where are you from? (jestem z Polski)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

predicative

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

This is (to jest)

The verb to be, singular (być)

Formal address (Pan, Pani)

Demonstrative pronouns (ten, ta, to)

Adjective agreement

Negation (nie)

Basic questions (czy, kto, co, gdzie, jak)

The verb to be, plural (być)

Present tense -m/-sz verbs

Reflexive verbs (się)

Coordinating conjunctions (i, a, ale)

Feminine direct objects (Accusative)

Inanimate direct objects (Accusative)

Animate masculine direct objects (Accusative)

Present tense verbs 2 (-ę, -isz / -ysz)

Expressing location (w, na)

Locative adjective agreement

Professions and nationalities (Instrumental)

Accompaniment (z + Instrumental)

Present tense verbs 3 (-ę, -esz)

Plural possessives (nasz, wasz)

Numbers 1 to 10

Genitive of possession

Genitive of negation

Lack or absence (nie ma)

Basic quantifiers (dużo, mało, trochę)

Liking things (podoba mi się)

Modal verbs (móc, musieć)

Subordinating conjunctions (bo, że)

Unidirectional motion verbs (iść, jechać)

Expressing age (mieć... lat)

Habitual motion (chodzić, jeździć)

Expressing destination (do)

Days of the week (poniedziałek, wtorek...)

Plural nouns for objects and animals

Plural nouns for people

Plural adjective agreement

Accusative object pronouns (go, ją, je...)

The past tense of to be (był)

Singular past tense (-łem, -łam...)

Expressing age (mieć + lata / lat)

Plural past tense (-li / -ły)

Perfective past tense

Future tense (będę + infinitive)

Age: one year (mieć rok)

Prices and currency (złoty, grosz)

Destination (na + accusative)

Non-masculine plurals (-e, -y, -i)

Instrumental pronouns (ze mną, z tobą)

To know (znać vs wiedzieć)

The future perfective tense

The imperative mood

Months of the year (styczeń, luty)

Greetings and farewells (dzień dobry, cześć)

Introducing yourself (mam na imię)

Thank you and sorry (dziękuję, przepraszam)

Left, right, up and down (po lewej stronie)

Parts of the body (ręka, noga)

Parts of the day (dzień, noc, południe)

What is it like? (jaki, jaka, jakie)

Speaking Polish (mówić po polsku)

Instrumental for adjectives (dobrym, dobrą)

Please do... (proszę + infinitive)

Interests (interesować się + Instrumental)

Can one? (można, trzeba, nie wolno)

By bus or by train (jechać autobusem)

Where exactly? (obok, przy, przed, za, pod, nad)

What time is it? (Która godzina?)

Not seeing her (go, jej, ich; niego, niej, nich)

When I have time (kiedy as a conjunction)

Irregular past stems (miał, mieli)

The verb 'iść' in the past (szedł, szli)

Imperfective future (będę odpoczywał)

Past aspect (robił vs zrobił)

Future aspect (będzie malował vs pomaluje)

Perfective motion with po- (pójść, pojechać)

Arrival verbs with przy- (przyjść, przyjechać)

Departure verbs with wy- (wyjść, wyjechać)

The Vocative case (Panie, Mamo)

Plural possessives (moi, moje)

Reflexive possessive pronouns (swój)

Genitive plural of masculine nouns (-ów, -y, -i)

Genitive plural of feminine and neuter nouns

Genitive plural of adjectives (-ych, -ich)

Accusative plural of masculine personal nouns

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Question	Answer
from (+ Genitive)	z
Where are you from? — I am from Poland.	Skąd jesteś? — Jestem z Polski.
I am from Warsaw.	Jestem z Warszawy.
I am coming back from work.	Wracam z pracy.
We are coming back from school.	Wracamy ze szkoły.
England	Anglia
She is from England.	Ona jest z Anglii.
A student from England lives in Warsaw.	Studentka z Anglii mieszka w Warszawie.
Germany	Niemcy
My friend is from Germany.	Mój kolega jest z Niemiec.
I am travelling from Germany to Poland.	Jadę z Niemiec do Polski.
Ukraine	Ukraina
They are from Ukraine.	Oni są z Ukrainy.
America	Ameryka
Are you from America, madam?	Czy pani jest z Ameryki?
This gentleman is from America, and this lady from Ukraine.	Ten pan jest z Ameryki, a ta pani z Ukrainy.

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