Verbal nouns (-nie, -cie)

Verbal nouns with -nie and -cie

Polish frequently turns verbs into nouns to describe the process or act of doing something, much like the English "-ing" (as in "cooking" or "baking").

Verbs typically form this noun by replacing their infinitive ending (like -ać, -yć, or -ić) with -anie or -enie. For instance, gotować (to cook) becomes gotowanie (cooking), and smażyć (to fry) becomes smażenie (frying).

Cooking together is a great idea.
Gotowanie razem to świetny pomysł.
Frying meat is not healthy.
Smażenie mięsa nie jest zdrowe.
Baking a cake is a good idea.
Pieczenie ciasta to dobry pomysł.

For short, single-syllable verbs (like myć — to wash, or pić — to drink), the ending is often -cie. This gives us mycie (washing) and picie (drinking). Note that the word jedzenie (eating/food) is also a verbal noun!

All verbal nouns ending in -nie and -cie are neuter.

Washing hands is important.
Mycie rąk jest ważne.
This food is very tasty!
To jedzenie jest bardzo smaczne!
Drinking water is important.
Picie wody jest ważne.

Actions vs. Processes

Remember that verbal nouns describe the concept or process. When describing an active, ongoing action performed by someone, you must still use the conjugated verb, such as kroić (to cut) or smażyć (to fry).

When you cut the bread, I prepare the soup.
Gdy kroisz chleb, ja przygotowuję zupę.
You must fry the onion and garlic.
Trzeba smażyć cebulę i czosnek.

Imperfective verbs with -ywać / -iwać

Another common way to form an imperfective verb (describing ongoing or habitual actions) from a perfective one is by adding the suffix -ywać or -iwać.

These verbs conjugate in the present tense just like the -ować verbs you already know: you drop the -ywać or -iwać and add the endings -uję, -ujesz, -uje, -ujemy, -ujecie, -ują.

For example, przygotowywać (to prepare) becomes przygotowuję (I prepare), and przechowywać (to store) becomes przechowujesz (you store).

We are preparing breakfast, although nobody is hungry.
Przygotowujemy śniadanie, chociaż nikt nie jest głodny.
We store fruit in the fridge.
Przechowujemy owoce w lodówce.

Because these new verbs are imperfective, they can also be turned into long verbal nouns ending in -nie to describe the process of the action, giving us words like przygotowywanie (preparing) and przechowywanie (storing).

Preparing dinner requires a lot of time.
Przygotowywanie obiadu wymaga dużo czasu.
Storing vegetables is difficult.
Przechowywanie warzyw jest trudne.

Putting it all together

Now you can mix active verbs and verbal nouns to describe exactly how you work in the kitchen!

Cooking is cutting and frying, so today I am preparing dinner: I am cutting an onion and frying meat.
Gotowanie to krojenie i smażenie, więc dzisiaj przygotowuję obiad: kroję cebulę i smażę mięso.