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### Describing Places: "In Which" and "On Which"

When you want to describe a property by connecting two thoughts—like "This is the bedroom" and "my brother sleeps in it"—you use the relative pronoun **który** (which / that). 

Because you are talking about being *in* or *on* a specific location, you must use a preposition like **w** (in) or **na** (on/at), followed by the Locative case. The pronoun **który** changes its ending to match the gender of the noun you are describing.

### Feminine Places (w której / na której)

For feminine nouns, such as **sypialnia** (bedroom), **łazienka** (bathroom), and **kamienica** (tenement house), the relative pronoun becomes **której**.

Most enclosed rooms and buildings take the preposition **w** (in):

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### Masculine and Neuter Places (w którym / na którym)

For masculine and neuter nouns, the relative pronoun becomes **którym**.

While enclosed spaces take **w** (like a room—**pokój**), open architectural features generally take **na** (on). This includes a balcony (**balkon**), a terrace (**taras**), and a floor level like the ground floor (**parter**). 

Housing estates (**osiedle**) also take **na** in Polish.

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*Note on motion versus location:* If a sentence involves movement, the first half might use the Accusative case for your destination ("I am going onto the balcony"), but the relative pronoun clause describing the static location will still use the Locative ("on which my boss is"):

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The relative pronoun in the Locative (w którym, w której)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

predicative

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

This is (to jest)

The verb to be, singular (być)

Formal address (Pan, Pani)

Demonstrative pronouns (ten, ta, to)

Adjective agreement

Negation (nie)

Basic questions (czy, kto, co, gdzie, jak)

The verb to be, plural (być)

Present tense -m/-sz verbs

Reflexive verbs (się)

Coordinating conjunctions (i, a, ale)

Feminine direct objects (Accusative)

Inanimate direct objects (Accusative)

Animate masculine direct objects (Accusative)

Present tense verbs 2 (-ę, -isz / -ysz)

Expressing location (w, na)

Locative adjective agreement

Professions and nationalities (Instrumental)

Accompaniment (z + Instrumental)

Present tense verbs 3 (-ę, -esz)

Plural possessives (nasz, wasz)

Numbers 1 to 10

Genitive of possession

Genitive of negation

Lack or absence (nie ma)

Basic quantifiers (dużo, mało, trochę)

Liking things (podoba mi się)

Modal verbs (móc, musieć)

Subordinating conjunctions (bo, że)

Unidirectional motion verbs (iść, jechać)

Expressing age (mieć... lat)

Habitual motion (chodzić, jeździć)

Expressing destination (do)

Days of the week (poniedziałek, wtorek...)

Plural nouns for objects and animals

Plural nouns for people

Plural adjective agreement

Accusative object pronouns (go, ją, je...)

The past tense of to be (był)

Singular past tense (-łem, -łam...)

Expressing age (mieć + lata / lat)

Plural past tense (-li / -ły)

Perfective past tense

Future tense (będę + infinitive)

Age: one year (mieć rok)

Prices and currency (złoty, grosz)

Destination (na + accusative)

Non-masculine plurals (-e, -y, -i)

Instrumental pronouns (ze mną, z tobą)

To know (znać vs wiedzieć)

The future perfective tense

The imperative mood

Months of the year (styczeń, luty)

Greetings and farewells (dzień dobry, cześć)

Introducing yourself (mam na imię)

Thank you and sorry (dziękuję, przepraszam)

Left, right, up and down (po lewej stronie)

Parts of the body (ręka, noga)

Parts of the day (dzień, noc, południe)

What is it like? (jaki, jaka, jakie)

Speaking Polish (mówić po polsku)

Instrumental for adjectives (dobrym, dobrą)

Please do... (proszę + infinitive)

Interests (interesować się + Instrumental)

Can one? (można, trzeba, nie wolno)

By bus or by train (jechać autobusem)

Where are you from? (jestem z Polski)

Where exactly? (obok, przy, przed, za, pod, nad)

What time is it? (Która godzina?)

Not seeing her (go, jej, ich; niego, niej, nich)

When I have time (kiedy as a conjunction)

Irregular past stems (miał, mieli)

The verb 'iść' in the past (szedł, szli)

Imperfective future (będę odpoczywał)

Past aspect (robił vs zrobił)

Future aspect (będzie malował vs pomaluje)

Perfective motion with po- (pójść, pojechać)

Arrival verbs with przy- (przyjść, przyjechać)

Departure verbs with wy- (wyjść, wyjechać)

The Vocative case (Panie, Mamo)

Plural possessives (moi, moje)

Reflexive possessive pronouns (swój)

Genitive plural of masculine nouns (-ów, -y, -i)

Genitive plural of feminine and neuter nouns

Genitive plural of adjectives (-ych, -ich)

Accusative plural of masculine personal nouns

Question	Answer
spacious	przestronny
bedroom	sypialnia
This is a spacious bedroom in which my brother sleeps.	To jest przestronna sypialnia, w której śpi mój brat.
Do you prefer a bedroom in which it is quiet?	Wolisz sypialnię, w której jest cicho?
bathroom	łazienka
We are looking for a bathroom in which there is a new bathtub.	Szukamy łazienki, w której jest nowa wanna.
You should check the spacious bathroom in which there is no water.	Powinieneś sprawdzić przestronną łazienkę, w której nie ma wody.
I like this room in which you can smell the forest.	Lubię ten pokój, w którym czuć las.
balcony	balkon
I am going onto the balcony on which my boss is.	Idę na balkon, na którym jest mój szef.
terrace	taras
We have a beautiful terrace on which we drink coffee in the morning.	Mamy piękny taras, na którym rano pijemy kawę.
I am returning to the terrace on which I left the book.	Wracam na taras, na którym zostawiłem książkę.
ground floor	parter
dining room	jadalnia
My grandmother prefers the ground floor on which her dining room is.	Moja babcia woli parter, na którym jest jej jadalnia.
I bought an apartment on the ground floor on which it is very quiet.	Kupiłem mieszkanie na parterze, na którym jest bardzo cicho.
housing estate	osiedle
This is the new housing estate on which I live.	To jest nowe osiedle, na którym mieszkam.
The housing estate on which this restaurant is located is expensive.	Osiedle, na którym znajduje się ta restauracja, jest drogie.
tenement house	kamienica
I know an old tenement house in which you can feel history.	Znam starą kamienicę, w której czuć historię.
This is the tenement house in which we bought an apartment.	To jest kamienica, w której kupiliśmy mieszkanie.
neighborhood	okolica
I like the neighborhood in which this housing estate is.	Podoba mi się okolica, w której jest to osiedle.
This is a safe neighborhood in which you cannot hear noise.	To bezpieczna okolica, w której nie słychać hałasu.
We should eat lunch in the dining room in which there is a big table.	Powinniśmy zjeść obiad w jadalni, w której jest duży stół.
This is the balcony on which I drink coffee.	To jest balkon, na którym piję kawę.