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### The -ę / -isz / -ysz Conjugation Group

You have already seen verbs that end in **-am** and **-asz** (like *czytać*). Now you will learn the second major group of Polish verbs. These usually end in **-ić**, **-yć**, or **-eć** in their dictionary form, such as *mówić* (to speak) or *słyszeć* (to hear).

Here is the conjugation pattern. Notice that the *ja* form always ends in **-ę**, while the *ty* form ends in either **-isz** or **-ysz**.

| Pronoun | mówić (to speak) | słyszeć (to hear) | Ending |
|---|---|---|---|
| ja | mówię | słyszę | -ę |
| ty | mówisz | słyszysz | -isz / -ysz |
| on / ona / ono | mówi | słyszy | -i / -y |
| my | mówimy | słyszymy | -imy / -ymy |
| wy | mówicie | słyszycie | -icie / -ycie |
| oni / one | mówią | słyszą | -ą (or -ią) |

In the *ja* (I) form, all verbs in this group end in **-ę**.

{{item:942425}}

### Verbs with -isz

For most verbs in this group, the *ty* (you) form takes **-isz**. You will use this pattern for very common verbs like *mówić* (to speak), *myśleć* (to think), and *dzwonić* (to call). 

{{item:942414}}

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### When to use -ysz

Because of Polish pronunciation rules, the letter **i** cannot follow certain "hard" consonant sounds (like **sz**, **cz**, or **rz**). When a verb stem ends in one of these sounds, the **-isz** ending becomes **-ysz**, and all the other **-i** endings change to **-y**. 

This happens with verbs like *słyszeć* (to hear) and *tańczyć* (to dance). Notice how the next sentence contains both an **-isz** verb (*dzwonić*) and an **-ysz** verb (*słyszeć*).

{{item:942420}}

### Plural Forms: -my and -cie

For "we" (*my*) and "you plural" (*wy*), the endings are **-my** and **-cie** added directly to the third-person singular form. 

- An **-isz** verb takes **-imy** and **-icie**.
- An **-ysz** verb takes **-ymy** and **-ycie**.

Notice the difference between *chodzić* (which uses **-i**) and *tańczyć* (which uses **-y**) in this sentence:

{{item:942423}}

### The "Oni / One" Form

In the third-person plural (*oni* for a mixed or male group, *one* for an all-female or neuter group), the ending is **-ą**. 

If the verb uses the **-isz** pattern, it usually keeps the soft "i" sound before the ending, making it **-ią** (as in *mówią*). If it uses the **-ysz** pattern, it takes **-ą** directly (as in *słyszą*).

{{item:942417}}

### Formal Address: Pan, Pani, and Państwo

When speaking formally, remember that *Pan* (Sir) and *Pani* (Madam) act as third-person singular subjects (like *on* or *ona*). Therefore, they take the **-i** or **-y** verb ending.

{{item:942431}}

When addressing a group of people formally, you use *Państwo* (Ladies and Gentlemen). This acts as a third-person plural subject (like *oni*), so it takes the **-ą** or **-ią** ending.

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### Proszę: I ask / Please

The word for "please" in Polish is *proszę*. This is actually just the *ja* (I) form of the verb *prosić* (to ask). When you say *proszę*, you are literally saying "I ask" or "I am asking for."

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Present tense verbs 2 (-ę, -isz / -ysz)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

predicative

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

This is (to jest)

The verb to be, singular (być)

Formal address (Pan, Pani)

Demonstrative pronouns (ten, ta, to)

Adjective agreement

Negation (nie)

Basic questions (czy, kto, co, gdzie, jak)

The verb to be, plural (być)

Present tense -m/-sz verbs

Reflexive verbs (się)

Coordinating conjunctions (i, a, ale)

Feminine direct objects (Accusative)

Inanimate direct objects (Accusative)

Animate masculine direct objects (Accusative)

Expressing location (w, na)

Locative adjective agreement

Professions and nationalities (Instrumental)

Accompaniment (z + Instrumental)

Present tense verbs 3 (-ę, -esz)

Plural possessives (nasz, wasz)

Numbers 1 to 10

Genitive of possession

Genitive of negation

Lack or absence (nie ma)

Basic quantifiers (dużo, mało, trochę)

Liking things (podoba mi się)

Modal verbs (móc, musieć)

Subordinating conjunctions (bo, że)

Unidirectional motion verbs (iść, jechać)

Expressing age (mieć... lat)

Habitual motion (chodzić, jeździć)

Expressing destination (do)

Days of the week (poniedziałek, wtorek...)

Plural nouns for objects and animals

Plural nouns for people

Plural adjective agreement

Accusative object pronouns (go, ją, je...)

The past tense of to be (był)

Singular past tense (-łem, -łam...)

Expressing age (mieć + lata / lat)

Plural past tense (-li / -ły)

Perfective past tense

Future tense (będę + infinitive)

Age: one year (mieć rok)

Prices and currency (złoty, grosz)

Destination (na + accusative)

Non-masculine plurals (-e, -y, -i)

Instrumental pronouns (ze mną, z tobą)

To know (znać vs wiedzieć)

The future perfective tense

The imperative mood

Months of the year (styczeń, luty)

Greetings and farewells (dzień dobry, cześć)

Introducing yourself (mam na imię)

Thank you and sorry (dziękuję, przepraszam)

Left, right, up and down (po lewej stronie)

Parts of the body (ręka, noga)

Parts of the day (dzień, noc, południe)

What is it like? (jaki, jaka, jakie)

Speaking Polish (mówić po polsku)

Instrumental for adjectives (dobrym, dobrą)

Please do... (proszę + infinitive)

Interests (interesować się + Instrumental)

Can one? (można, trzeba, nie wolno)

By bus or by train (jechać autobusem)

Where are you from? (jestem z Polski)

Where exactly? (obok, przy, przed, za, pod, nad)

What time is it? (Która godzina?)

Not seeing her (go, jej, ich; niego, niej, nich)

When I have time (kiedy as a conjunction)

Irregular past stems (miał, mieli)

The verb 'iść' in the past (szedł, szli)

Imperfective future (będę odpoczywał)

Past aspect (robił vs zrobił)

Future aspect (będzie malował vs pomaluje)

Perfective motion with po- (pójść, pojechać)

Arrival verbs with przy- (przyjść, przyjechać)

Departure verbs with wy- (wyjść, wyjechać)

The Vocative case (Panie, Mamo)

Plural possessives (moi, moje)

Reflexive possessive pronouns (swój)

Genitive plural of masculine nouns (-ów, -y, -i)

Genitive plural of feminine and neuter nouns

Genitive plural of adjectives (-ych, -ich)

Accusative plural of masculine personal nouns

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Question	Answer
to speak	mówić
You speak very fast.	Mówisz bardzo szybko.
to think	myśleć
What do you think?	Co myślisz?
I think and you speak.	Ja myślę, a ty mówisz.
to hear	słyszeć
quietly	cicho
I do not hear, they are speaking quietly.	Nie słyszę, oni mówią cicho.
to call	dzwonić
My brother always calls in the evening.	Mój brat zawsze dzwoni wieczorem.
Do you hear? The phone is ringing.	Słyszysz? Telefon dzwoni.
to walk	chodzić
to dance	tańczyć
We often walk and dance together.	Często chodzimy i tańczymy razem.
to pay	płacić
We go there often, and I am paying today.	Chodzimy tam często, a ja dzisiaj płacę.
Do you like to dance?	Czy lubicie tańczyć?
to ask	prosić
A beer, please, I am paying.	Proszę piwo, ja płacę.
The menu and hot soup, please.	Proszę menu i gorącą zupę.
loudly	głośno
Sir, you are speaking very loudly.	Pan mówi bardzo głośno.
Do you hear? This man is speaking loudly.	Czy państwo słyszą? Ten mężczyzna mówi głośno.
The child is sleeping quietly now.	Dziecko śpi teraz cicho.
What are you doing and what do you think?	Co robisz i co myślisz?