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### Expressing Consequences Formally

When dealing with official matters, such as reporting structural damages or filing insurance claims, you often need to explain *why* something happened or what resulted from an event. In Polish, two common compound prepositions are used to express "as a result of" or "due to": **w wyniku** and **na skutek**.

Both of these compound prepositions always require the noun that follows them to take the **Genitive** case.

### `w wyniku` (As a result of)

The phrase **w wyniku** literally translates to "in the result (of)." You will frequently see it in formal reports regarding accidents, collisions, or disasters. Notice how the nouns following it change to their Genitive forms (for example, the nominative **wybuch** becomes **wybuchu**, and **kolizja** becomes **kolizji**).

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### `na skutek` (Due to)

Similarly, **na skutek** means "due to" or "as a consequence of." It is used almost interchangeably with **w wyniku**, but it is especially common when talking about the consequences of human errors, negligence, or specific accidents. 

Just as before, the noun that follows must take the Genitive case (for example, the nominative **zaniedbanie** becomes **zaniedbania**).

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### Claims, Compensation, and Insurance

These prepositions are essential vocabulary in the insurance industry. When requesting compensation (**odszkodowanie**) or dealing with an insurance policy (**polisa**), you will consistently use **w wyniku** or **na skutek** to legally justify a financial claim (**roszczenie**).

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Prepositions of consequence (w wyniku, na skutek)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

predicative

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

This is (to jest)

The verb to be, singular (być)

Formal address (Pan, Pani)

Demonstrative pronouns (ten, ta, to)

Adjective agreement

Negation (nie)

Basic questions (czy, kto, co, gdzie, jak)

The verb to be, plural (być)

Present tense -m/-sz verbs

Reflexive verbs (się)

Coordinating conjunctions (i, a, ale)

Feminine direct objects (Accusative)

Inanimate direct objects (Accusative)

Animate masculine direct objects (Accusative)

Present tense verbs 2 (-ę, -isz / -ysz)

Expressing location (w, na)

Locative adjective agreement

Professions and nationalities (Instrumental)

Accompaniment (z + Instrumental)

Present tense verbs 3 (-ę, -esz)

Plural possessives (nasz, wasz)

Numbers 1 to 10

Genitive of possession

Genitive of negation

Lack or absence (nie ma)

Basic quantifiers (dużo, mało, trochę)

Liking things (podoba mi się)

Modal verbs (móc, musieć)

Subordinating conjunctions (bo, że)

Unidirectional motion verbs (iść, jechać)

Expressing age (mieć... lat)

Habitual motion (chodzić, jeździć)

Expressing destination (do)

Days of the week (poniedziałek, wtorek...)

Plural nouns for objects and animals

Plural nouns for people

Plural adjective agreement

Accusative object pronouns (go, ją, je...)

The past tense of to be (był)

Singular past tense (-łem, -łam...)

Expressing age (mieć + lata / lat)

Plural past tense (-li / -ły)

Perfective past tense

Future tense (będę + infinitive)

Age: one year (mieć rok)

Prices and currency (złoty, grosz)

Destination (na + accusative)

Non-masculine plurals (-e, -y, -i)

Instrumental pronouns (ze mną, z tobą)

To know (znać vs wiedzieć)

The future perfective tense

The imperative mood

Months of the year (styczeń, luty)

Greetings and farewells (dzień dobry, cześć)

Introducing yourself (mam na imię)

Thank you and sorry (dziękuję, przepraszam)

Left, right, up and down (po lewej stronie)

Parts of the body (ręka, noga)

Parts of the day (dzień, noc, południe)

What is it like? (jaki, jaka, jakie)

Speaking Polish (mówić po polsku)

Instrumental for adjectives (dobrym, dobrą)

Please do... (proszę + infinitive)

Interests (interesować się + Instrumental)

Can one? (można, trzeba, nie wolno)

By bus or by train (jechać autobusem)

Where are you from? (jestem z Polski)

Where exactly? (obok, przy, przed, za, pod, nad)

What time is it? (Która godzina?)

Not seeing her (go, jej, ich; niego, niej, nich)

When I have time (kiedy as a conjunction)

Irregular past stems (miał, mieli)

The verb 'iść' in the past (szedł, szli)

Imperfective future (będę odpoczywał)

Past aspect (robił vs zrobił)

Future aspect (będzie malował vs pomaluje)

Perfective motion with po- (pójść, pojechać)

Arrival verbs with przy- (przyjść, przyjechać)

Departure verbs with wy- (wyjść, wyjechać)

The Vocative case (Panie, Mamo)

Plural possessives (moi, moje)

Reflexive possessive pronouns (swój)

Genitive plural of masculine nouns (-ów, -y, -i)

Genitive plural of feminine and neuter nouns

Genitive plural of adjectives (-ych, -ich)

Accusative plural of masculine personal nouns

Question	Answer
as a result of	w wyniku
explosion	wybuch
As a result of the explosion, the building collapsed.	W wyniku wybuchu budynek się zawalił.
due to (as a result of)	na skutek
negligence	zaniedbanie
Due to negligence, a second fire broke out.	Na skutek zaniedbania wybuchł drugi pożar.
collision	kolizja
compensation	odszkodowanie
As a result of the collision, the driver demanded compensation.	W wyniku kolizji kierowca zażądał odszkodowania.
injury (wound, physical damage)	obrażenie
There are no serious injuries due to the accident.	Na skutek wypadku nie ma poważnych obrażeń.
He lost the compensation due to negligence.	Stracił odszkodowanie na skutek zaniedbania.
claim (legal or financial)	roszczenie
They rejected the claim due to the employee's negligence.	Odrzucili roszczenie na skutek zaniedbania pracownika.
policy (insurance)	polisa
Due to an error, they canceled the policy.	Na skutek błędu anulowali polisę.
insurance	ubezpieczenie
As a result of the accident, we are thinking about insurance.	W wyniku wypadku myślimy o ubezpieczeniu.
The patient died due to severe injuries.	Pacjent umarł na skutek poważnych obrażeń.
As a result of the crisis, a third company went bankrupt.	W wyniku kryzysu zbankrutowała trzecia firma.
As a result of the fire, we are talking about compensation.	W wyniku pożaru rozmawiamy o odszkodowaniu.
As a result of the collision, the client submitted a claim from this policy.	W wyniku kolizji klient złożył roszczenie z tej polisy.
As a result of the explosion, he obtained compensation from the insurance.	Na skutek wybuchu uzyskał odszkodowanie z ubezpieczenia.