When talking about hidden truths, you will often need to use "what" or "that which" to connect ideas, like "I know what you did."
In Polish, this is expressed using the pair to, co (literally: "that, what"). Always place a comma before co.
"To, co" as the subject
You can use to, co at the beginning of a sentence when the "what" clause is the subject.
| What I discovered yesterday is shocking. | To, co wczoraj odkryłem, jest szokujące. |
| What he did surprised everyone. | To, co zrobił, zaskoczyło wszystkich. |
"To, co" as an object
When "what" is the object of a verb (like discovering or revealing something), to acts as an anchor in the main sentence, pointing to the co clause that follows.
| When he confessed, I understood what he was hiding. | Kiedy się przyznał, zrozumiałem to, co ukrywał. |
| This recording will show what was hidden. | To nagranie pokaże to, co było ukryte. |
| Do you understand what has a hidden meaning? | Czy rozumiesz to, co ma ukryte znaczenie? |
Prepositions with "to, co"
If the verb in your main sentence requires a preposition, place it immediately before to. For example, uwierzyć (to believe) takes the preposition w (in), making "believe what" uwierzyć w to, co.
| Please believe what you see, sir. | Proszę uwierzyć w to, co pan widzi. |
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