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### The Dative Case for Adjectives

When you describe a noun in the Dative case—for instance, when stating exactly *who* is receiving care or help—the adjectives describing that person must also be in the Dative case. We use two main adjective endings in the Dative singular: **-emu** and **-ej**.

### Masculine and Neuter Adjectives: "-emu"

Adjectives modifying masculine and neuter nouns in the Dative case take the ending **-emu**. This also applies to the demonstrative pronoun **ten** (this), which becomes **temu**.

Notice how the adjectives in these sentences end in **-emu** to match the masculine receivers of the action:

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### Feminine Adjectives: "-ej"

For feminine nouns, the rule is even simpler. All adjectives describing a feminine noun in the Dative case take the ending **-ej**. Similarly, the feminine demonstrative pronoun **ta** (this) becomes **tej**.

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### Common Dative Verbs in Healthcare

You will use these adjective endings with verbs that require the Dative case, such as **pomagać** (to help), **dawać** (to give), and **dziękować** (to thank). In this lesson, we also practice using them with new verbs related to patient care and support: **współczuć** (to sympathize with), **życzyć** (to wish), and **przypominać** (to remind).

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Dative singular of adjectives (-emu, -ej)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

predicative

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

This is (to jest)

The verb to be, singular (być)

Formal address (Pan, Pani)

Demonstrative pronouns (ten, ta, to)

Adjective agreement

Negation (nie)

Basic questions (czy, kto, co, gdzie, jak)

The verb to be, plural (być)

Present tense -m/-sz verbs

Reflexive verbs (się)

Coordinating conjunctions (i, a, ale)

Feminine direct objects (Accusative)

Inanimate direct objects (Accusative)

Animate masculine direct objects (Accusative)

Present tense verbs 2 (-ę, -isz / -ysz)

Expressing location (w, na)

Locative adjective agreement

Professions and nationalities (Instrumental)

Accompaniment (z + Instrumental)

Present tense verbs 3 (-ę, -esz)

Plural possessives (nasz, wasz)

Numbers 1 to 10

Genitive of possession

Genitive of negation

Lack or absence (nie ma)

Basic quantifiers (dużo, mało, trochę)

Liking things (podoba mi się)

Modal verbs (móc, musieć)

Subordinating conjunctions (bo, że)

Unidirectional motion verbs (iść, jechać)

Expressing age (mieć... lat)

Habitual motion (chodzić, jeździć)

Expressing destination (do)

Days of the week (poniedziałek, wtorek...)

Plural nouns for objects and animals

Plural nouns for people

Plural adjective agreement

Accusative object pronouns (go, ją, je...)

The past tense of to be (był)

Singular past tense (-łem, -łam...)

Expressing age (mieć + lata / lat)

Plural past tense (-li / -ły)

Perfective past tense

Future tense (będę + infinitive)

Age: one year (mieć rok)

Prices and currency (złoty, grosz)

Destination (na + accusative)

Non-masculine plurals (-e, -y, -i)

Instrumental pronouns (ze mną, z tobą)

To know (znać vs wiedzieć)

The future perfective tense

The imperative mood

Months of the year (styczeń, luty)

Greetings and farewells (dzień dobry, cześć)

Introducing yourself (mam na imię)

Thank you and sorry (dziękuję, przepraszam)

Left, right, up and down (po lewej stronie)

Parts of the body (ręka, noga)

Parts of the day (dzień, noc, południe)

What is it like? (jaki, jaka, jakie)

Speaking Polish (mówić po polsku)

Instrumental for adjectives (dobrym, dobrą)

Please do... (proszę + infinitive)

Interests (interesować się + Instrumental)

Can one? (można, trzeba, nie wolno)

By bus or by train (jechać autobusem)

Where are you from? (jestem z Polski)

Where exactly? (obok, przy, przed, za, pod, nad)

What time is it? (Która godzina?)

Not seeing her (go, jej, ich; niego, niej, nich)

When I have time (kiedy as a conjunction)

Irregular past stems (miał, mieli)

The verb 'iść' in the past (szedł, szli)

Imperfective future (będę odpoczywał)

Past aspect (robił vs zrobił)

Future aspect (będzie malował vs pomaluje)

Perfective motion with po- (pójść, pojechać)

Arrival verbs with przy- (przyjść, przyjechać)

Departure verbs with wy- (wyjść, wyjechać)

The Vocative case (Panie, Mamo)

Plural possessives (moi, moje)

Reflexive possessive pronouns (swój)

Genitive plural of masculine nouns (-ów, -y, -i)

Genitive plural of feminine and neuter nouns

Genitive plural of adjectives (-ych, -ich)

Accusative plural of masculine personal nouns

Question	Answer
the patient (m)	pacjent
I am helping this sick patient.	Pomagam temu choremu pacjentowi.
the nurse	pielęgniarka
weak	słaby
The nurse gives water to the weak man.	Pielęgniarka daje wodę słabemu mężczyźnie.
This new nurse in the hospital is helping the older patient.	Ta nowa pielęgniarka w szpitalu pomaga starszej pacjentce.
to sympathize with	współczuć
I feel very sorry for this weak patient.	Bardzo współczuję temu słabemu pacjentowi.
We feel sorry for this sick girl.	My współczujemy tej chorej dziewczynie.
the examination	badanie
The doctor gives the examination result to the young patient.	Lekarz daje wynik badania młodemu pacjentowi.
Tomorrow I will be doing an examination for the older doctor.	Jutro będę robić badanie starszemu lekarzowi.
to wish	życzyć
the health	zdrowie
We wish health to this young patient.	Życzymy zdrowia tej młodej pacjentce.
The mother wishes health to the sick child.	Matka życzy zdrowia choremu dziecku.
to remind	przypominać
the pill	tabletka
I remind this older gentleman about the pill.	Przypominam o tabletce temu starszemu panu.
I give two pills to the new patient.	Daję dwie tabletki nowemu pacjentowi.
the care	opieka
The nurse reminds the tired doctor about the care.	Pielęgniarka przypomina zmęczonemu lekarzowi o opiece.
I thank this nice nurse for the care.	Dziękuję tej sympatycznej pielęgniarce za opiekę.