Japanese

<h4>Group 1 verbs</h4>


	In Japanese, all verbs end in an u sound.
	Most verbs can be divided into two groups, called Group 1 and Group 2.
	In this lesson we will focus on Group 1 verbs and in the next lesson we will look at Group 2 verbs.



	In the table below you can see four verbs from Group 1, both in the form in which you will find them in the dictionary, and in their more polite long form.
	You will learn all verbs in their dictionary form first, since this will help you later on when you need to conjugate them in different ways.
	However, while making sentences we will start by using the long form, because you can more safely use neutral speech in a wide variety of circumstances.



	As you can see, converting verbs in Group 1 into the long form is easy and consists of two steps:	


<ol>
	<li>Replace the ending u sound with an i sound to obtain the stem.</li>
	<li>Add ます to the end.</li>
</ol>

<table class="ui fixed celled table">
	<thead>
		<tr>
			<th>English</th>
			<th>Dictionary form (casual)</th>
			<th>Stem</th>
			<th>Long form (neutral/formal)</th>
		</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>to buy</td>
			<td><ruby>買ka</ruby>う kau</td>
			<td><ruby>買ka</ruby>い kai</td>
			<td><ruby>買ka</ruby>います kaimasu</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>to drink</td>
			<td><ruby>飲no</ruby>む nomu</td>
			<td><ruby>飲no</ruby>み nomi</td>
			<td><ruby>飲no</ruby>みます nomimasu</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>to enter</td>
			<td><ruby>入hai</ruby>る hairu</td>
			<td><ruby>入hai</ruby>り hairi</td>
			<td><ruby>入hai</ruby>ります hairimasu</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>to meet, to see</td>
			<td><ruby>会a</ruby>う au</td>
			<td><ruby>会a</ruby>い ai</td>
			<td><ruby>会a</ruby>います aimasu</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>


	The verbs in the table above are in the non-past tense.
	They refer to habitual actions or to actions that will happen in the future.
	You can compare this to a combination of the present simple and the future tense in English.
	Soon after this, you will learn about the past tense.
	Later in this course you will learn the progressive tense to talk about things that are happening right now, comparable to the English present continuous.


<h4>Direct and indirect objects</h4>


	The verbs <ruby>買kaう</ruby> and <ruby>飲noむ</ruby> go together with a direct object, whereas <ruby>入haiる</ruby> and <ruby>会aう</ruby> go together with an indirect object.
	Direct objects are often directly affected by an action in the sense that the action is performed on the direct object.
	Indirect objects are less directly affected, and there is often a sense of movement toward the indirect object.



	Direct objects are often followed by the direct object particle を, whereas indirect objects are often followed by the indirect object particle に.
	The particle を is pronounced as o.


<table class="ui fixed celled table">
	<thead>
		<tr>
			<th>English</th>
			<th>Japanese</th>
		</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
		<tr data-item="25434"></tr>
		<tr data-item="25439"></tr>
		<tr data-item="25435"></tr>
		<tr data-item="25436"></tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

Group 1 verbs, direct and indirect objects

hiragana character

kanji

adnominal

adverb

auxiliary

conjunction

compound

i-adjective

interjection

noun

na-adjective

numeral

particle

case particle

conjunctive particle

discourse particle

prefix

pronoun

suffix

verb

sentence

hiragana writing

kanji writing

kanji component

reading vocabulary

katakana writing

katakana character

godan - group 1

itidan - group 2

group 3

transitive

intransitive

proper noun

discourse

phrase

expression

Word	明あ日した　あなた　に　会あいます。 asita anata ni aimasu.
Meaning	I will meet you tomorrow.
Part of speech	sentence
Pronunciation

you	あなた anata
at; on; in; to; for [indirect object particle]	に ni
to meet, to see	会あう au
tomorrow	明あ日した asita

Japanese

asita anata ni aimasu.

Breakdown of asita anata ni aimasu.

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