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<h4>Group 1 verbs</h4>


	In Japanese, all verbs end in an u sound.
	Most verbs can be divided into two groups, called Group 1 and Group 2.
	In this lesson we will focus on Group 1 verbs and in the next lesson we will look at Group 2 verbs.



	In the table below you can see four verbs from Group 1, both in the form in which you will find them in the dictionary, and in their more polite long form.
	You will learn all verbs in their dictionary form first, since this will help you later on when you need to conjugate them in different ways.
	However, while making sentences we will start by using the long form, because you can more safely use neutral speech in a wide variety of circumstances.



	As you can see, converting verbs in Group 1 into the long form is easy and consists of two steps:	


<ol>
	<li>Replace the ending u sound with an i sound to obtain the stem.</li>
	<li>Add ます to the end.</li>
</ol>

<table class="ui fixed celled table">
	<thead>
		<tr>
			<th>English</th>
			<th>Dictionary form (casual)</th>
			<th>Stem</th>
			<th>Long form (neutral/formal)</th>
		</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>to buy</td>
			<td><ruby>買ka</ruby>う kau</td>
			<td><ruby>買ka</ruby>い kai</td>
			<td><ruby>買ka</ruby>います kaimasu</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>to drink</td>
			<td><ruby>飲no</ruby>む nomu</td>
			<td><ruby>飲no</ruby>み nomi</td>
			<td><ruby>飲no</ruby>みます nomimasu</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>to enter</td>
			<td><ruby>入hai</ruby>る hairu</td>
			<td><ruby>入hai</ruby>り hairi</td>
			<td><ruby>入hai</ruby>ります hairimasu</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>to meet, to see</td>
			<td><ruby>会a</ruby>う au</td>
			<td><ruby>会a</ruby>い ai</td>
			<td><ruby>会a</ruby>います aimasu</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>


	The verbs in the table above are in the non-past tense.
	They refer to habitual actions or to actions that will happen in the future.
	You can compare this to a combination of the present simple and the future tense in English.
	Soon after this, you will learn about the past tense.
	Later in this course you will learn the progressive tense to talk about things that are happening right now, comparable to the English present continuous.


<h4>Direct and indirect objects</h4>


	The verbs <ruby>買kaう</ruby> and <ruby>飲noむ</ruby> go together with a direct object, whereas <ruby>入haiる</ruby> and <ruby>会aう</ruby> go together with an indirect object.
	Direct objects are often directly affected by an action in the sense that the action is performed on the direct object.
	Indirect objects are less directly affected, and there is often a sense of movement toward the indirect object.



	Direct objects are often followed by the direct object particle を, whereas indirect objects are often followed by the indirect object particle に.
	The particle を is pronounced as o.


<table class="ui fixed celled table">
	<thead>
		<tr>
			<th>English</th>
			<th>Japanese</th>
		</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
		<tr data-item="25434"></tr>
		<tr data-item="25439"></tr>
		<tr data-item="25435"></tr>
		<tr data-item="25436"></tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

Group 1 verbs, direct and indirect objects

adjectival noun

adjectival phrase

adnominal

adverb

adverbial noun

adverbial phrase

auxiliary

case particle

compound

conjunction

conjunctive particle

discourse

discourse particle

expression

godan - group 1

group 3

hiragana character

hiragana writing

i-adjective

interjection

intransitive

itidan - group 2

kanji

kanji component

kanji writing

katakana character

katakana writing

na-adjective

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

pronoun

proper noun

reading vocabulary

sentence

suffix

transitive

verb

The verb to be

Hiragana 1

Kanji 1

Writing hiragana 1

Writing kanji 1

Hiragana 2

Kanji 2

The question particle か

Writing hiragana 2

This one and that one

Writing kanji 2

Reading exercise 1

Reading exercise 2

Hiragana 3

Negating nouns

Writing hiragana 3

The topic particle は

Kanji 3

The possession particle の

い-adjectives and な-adjectives

The subject particle が

Here and there

There is, there are

Writing kanji 3

Kanji 4

Group 2 verbs

Hiragana 4

Verbs in the past tense

Negating verbs

Invitations and the particle と

Negating past verbs

Writing hiragana 4

Reading exercise 3

Writing kanji 4

Reading exercise 4

Kanji 5

Nouns and the past tense

This and that

The group 3 verbs する and 来る

The discourse particles ね and よ

The location particles に and で

Hiragana 5

Writing hiragana 5

Writing kanji 5

The destination particles に and へ

Kanji 6

The origin particle から

Hiragana 6

Relative positions

Conjugating い-adjectives

Writing hiragana 6

Writing kanji 6

Hiragana 7

Writing hiragana 7

Kanji 7

Conjugating な-adjectives

How are you?

The particle も

The word ちょっと

Reading exercise 7

Question	Answer
direct object particle	をo
to buy	買かうkau
I will buy a car.	車くるま　を　買かいます。kuruma o kaimasu.
to drink	飲のむnomu
I will drink water.	水みず　を　飲のみます。mizu o nomimasu.
to enter	入はいるhairu
I will enter the river.	川かわ　に　入はいります。kawa ni hairimasu.
to meet, to see	会あうau
tomorrow	明あ日したashita
I will meet you tomorrow.	明あ日した　あなた　に　会あいます。ashita anata ni aimasu.

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