Learn Italian: Lei è molto gentile, grazie. - You are very kind, thank you.

In Italian, to be polite or formal with someone you do not know well, you address them using the formal 'you', which is Lei. Because Lei shares the same grammar rules as the third-person singular pronoun, it uses the third-person verb form è (is), even though you are saying 'you are'. You can often spot the formal Lei in writing because it is usually capitalized, unlike lei (she).

Does the adjective gentile change depending on whether I am talking to a man or a woman?

No, because gentile ends in an -e. Adjectives ending in -e in the singular are the exact same for both masculine and feminine people. So, you can say Lei è molto gentile to both a man and a woman! If you were speaking to multiple people, it would change to the plural form gentili.

Do I always have to capitalize Lei when using the formal 'you'?

Capitalizing Lei is the traditional way to clearly distinguish the formal 'you' from lei meaning 'she'. In modern, everyday writing like emails or texts, Italians sometimes leave it lowercase, relying on the context to make the meaning clear. However, as a beginner, it is a great habit to capitalize it to help you remember the difference.

Why does molto stay exactly the same here instead of changing to match the person?