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### Fusing "it" and "to him / her"

When talking about third parties—like sending a gift to a secret crush or keeping a secret from a friend—we often need to combine "it" with "to him" or "to her".

While combined pronouns like *me lo* and *te la* are written as two separate words, the third-person indirect pronouns (*gli* for "to him" or "to them", *le* for "to her") behave differently. They merge entirely with the direct object pronoun (*lo, la, li, le*) to form a **single word**, bridged by an **e**.

| Indirect Object | Direct Object | Combined Form | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| *gli / le* | *lo* (it, m.) | **glielo** | it to him / her / them |
| *gli / le* | *la* (it, f.) | **gliela** | it to him / her / them |

Notice that **glielo** and **gliela** are identical whether you are saying "to him", "to her", or even "to them". You must rely on context to know who is receiving the object.

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Like all object pronouns, they usually go immediately before the conjugated verb. If you are using a helper verb like *potere* (can/to be able to), the pronoun goes before the helper verb.

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### Plural combinations: *glieli* and *gliele*

If the objects being sent or revealed are plural ("them"), you will use the direct object pronouns *li* (masculine plural) or *le* (feminine plural). The fusing rule remains exactly the same.

| Indirect Object | Direct Object | Combined Form | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| *gli / le* | *li* (them, m.) | **glieli** | them to him / her / them |
| *gli / le* | *le* (them, f.) | **gliele** | them to him / her / them |

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Even in negative sentences, the combined pronoun stays tightly fused. Simply place it just after *non* and before the verb.

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Third-person combined pronouns (glielo, gliela)

adjective

adjective/adverb

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (il, la, l')

Indefinite articles (un, una)

Singular demonstratives (questo, questa)

Basic verbal negation (non)

Yes/No questions

Coordinating conjunctions (e, ma, o)

Regular plurals and definite articles (-i, -e, i, le)

Plural verb to be (noi siamo, voi siete)

Plural demonstratives (questi, queste)

Nouns ending in -e

Special singular articles (lo, l')

The plural article (gli)

Special indefinite articles (uno, un')

Demonstrative adjectives (quello, quella)

Adjective endings (-o, -a, -i, -e)

Expressing quantity (molto, poco, tanto)

The verb to have (ho, hai, ha...)

There is / there are (c'è, ci sono)

The preposition of (di)

Singular possessives (il mio, la mia)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, due, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (undici, dodici...)

Numbers 21 to 100 (trenta, quaranta...)

Idiomatic avere (avere fame, avere anni)

Plural possessive adjectives (i miei, le mie)

Possessives with family members (mio padre)

Formal address (dare del Lei)

Present tense of -are verbs (-o, -i, -a)

Question words (chi, cosa, dove)

Present tense of -ere verbs (-o, -i, -e)

Question words (quando, come, perché)

Question word agreement (quanto, quanta, quanti, quante)

Regular -ire verbs

Verbs with -isc- (capisco, capisci, capisce)

Pronouns after prepositions (me, te, lui)

The verb fare (faccio, fai, fa)

The verb andare (vado, vai, va)

The verb stare (sto, stai, sta)

The verb venire (vengo, vieni, viene)

The verb uscire (esco, esci, esce)

Location and destination (a, in)

Origin and movement (da)

Articulated prepositions with a (al, alla)

Articulated prepositions with in (nel, nella)

Articulated prepositions with di and da (del, dal)

Simple prepositions (con, per, su, tra)

Articulated prepositions with su (sul, sulla)

Months of the year

Telling time (sono le...)

Dates (il + number)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primo, secondo, terzo...)

The verb to want (volere)

The verb can (potere)

The verb must (dovere)

The verb to know (sapere)

Reflexive verbs (mi lavo, ti lavi)

Indirect object pronouns (gli, le, ci...)

Expressing preferences (mi piace)

Plural preferences (mi piacciono)

Comparatives (più... di, meno... di)

The passato prossimo with avere (ho parlato)

Irregular past participles (fatto, letto, preso)

The passato prossimo with essere (sono andato)

Reflexive verbs in the past (mi sono svegliato)

Time adverbs with the past tense (già, mai, ancora)

Third-person direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le)

First and second-person direct object pronouns (mi, ti, ci, vi)

The four seasons

Prepositions of place (vicino a, davanti a)

Conversational words (beh, allora, davvero)

Indefinite adjectives for some (qualche, alcuni)

Indefinite adjectives for every and all (ogni, tutti)

Indefinite pronouns (qualcosa, qualcuno)

Noun suffixes (-ino, -one)

Adverbs of manner (-mente)

Comparisons of equality (così... come)

The relative superlative (il più)

The absolute superlative (-issimo)

Irregular comparatives (migliore, peggiore)

Present progressive (stare + -ando, -endo)

Imminent actions (stare per)

The locative pronoun (ci)

The partitive pronoun (ne)

Pronoun placement with modal verbs

Impersonal subjects (si)

Prepositions of time (da, per, tra, fra)

Past participle agreement with pronouns

Question	Answer
the admirer (m)	l'ammiratore
the perfume	il profumo
The admirer buys an expensive perfume and sends it to her.	L'ammiratore compra un profumo caro e glielo manda.
the rose	la rosa
to deliver	consegnare
anonymous	anonimo
I take the red rose and deliver it to her anonymously.	Prendo la rosa rossa e gliela consegno in modo anonimo.
to confess	confessare
the feeling	il sentimento
I cannot confess it to him, but my feelings are strong.	Non glielo posso confessare, ma i miei sentimenti sono forti.
the sender	il mittente
to reveal	svelare
Who is the sender of the parcel? We are not revealing it to him!	Chi è il mittente del pacco? Non glielo sveliamo!
Is the sender of the anonymous letter an admirer of yours?	Il mittente della lettera anonima è un tuo ammiratore?
I bought the roses and the perfumes, and I can deliver them to her today.	Ho comprato le rose e i profumi, e glieli posso consegnare oggi.
I was listening to his words before confessing my feelings.	Stavo ascoltando le sue parole prima di confessare i miei sentimenti.
The shy admirer writes many letters and sends them to her.	L'ammiratore timido scrive molte lettere e gliele manda.
The admirer hides the surprise, but today he reveals it to her.	L'ammiratore nasconde la sorpresa, ma oggi gliela svela.
it to him/her/them (feminine)	gliela
The admirer knows the truth, but he does not confess it to her.	L'ammiratore sa la verità, ma non gliela confessa.
them to him/her/them (masculine)	glieli
He bought the perfumes, even if he doesn't send them to her.	Lui ha comprato i profumi, anche se non glieli manda.
them to him/her/them (feminine)	gliele
I have the sender's letters, but I do not deliver them to him.	Ho le lettere del mittente, ma non gliele consegno.
Marco has a rose and he gifts it to her in secret.	Marco ha una rosa e gliela regala in segreto.
We know the secrets, but we do not reveal them to him.	Noi sappiamo i segreti, ma non glieli sveliamo.
The roses are beautiful, why don't you gift them to her?	Le rose sono belle, perché non gliele regali?

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