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### The Future Tense

To talk about events that haven't happened yet, like future technologies and space travel, Italian uses the **futuro semplice** (simple future).

To form the future tense for regular **-are** and **-ere** verbs:
- Drop the final **-e** from the infinitive (e.g., *esistere* becomes *esister-*).
- For **-are** verbs, change the characteristic **a** to an **e** (e.g., *esplorare* becomes *esplorer-*).
- Add the future endings.

Notice that in the future tense, **-are** and **-ere** verbs share the exact same stem patterns and endings!

| Pronoun | Future Ending | esplorare (to explore) | esistere (to exist) |
|---------|---------------|------------------------|---------------------|
| io      | -ò            | esplorer**ò**          | esister**ò**        |
| tu      | -ai           | esplorer**ai**         | esister**ai**       |
| lui/lei | -à            | esplorer**à**          | esister**à**        |
| noi     | -emo          | esplorer**emo**        | esister**emo**      |
| voi     | -ete          | esplorer**ete**        | esister**ete**      |
| loro    | -anno         | esplorer**anno**       | esister**anno**     |

*Note: The **io** and **lui/lei** forms always have a written accent mark on the final letter. Remember to stress that final syllable when speaking!*

### Predictions and Plans

Now you can make predictions about robots, planets, and spaceships. Here is the future tense in action across different subjects:

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{{item:808329}}

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Because **-are** and **-ere** verbs use the exact same endings, they are seamless to mix and match in the same sentence:

{{item:808332}}

The future tense of -are and -ere verbs (-erò)

adjective

adjective/adverb

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (il, la, l')

Indefinite articles (un, una)

Singular demonstratives (questo, questa)

Basic verbal negation (non)

Yes/No questions

Coordinating conjunctions (e, ma, o)

Regular plurals and definite articles (-i, -e, i, le)

Plural verb to be (noi siamo, voi siete)

Plural demonstratives (questi, queste)

Nouns ending in -e

Special singular articles (lo, l')

The plural article (gli)

Special indefinite articles (uno, un')

Demonstrative adjectives (quello, quella)

Adjective endings (-o, -a, -i, -e)

Expressing quantity (molto, poco, tanto)

The verb to have (ho, hai, ha...)

There is / there are (c'è, ci sono)

The preposition of (di)

Singular possessives (il mio, la mia)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, due, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (undici, dodici...)

Numbers 21 to 100 (trenta, quaranta...)

Idiomatic avere (avere fame, avere anni)

Plural possessive adjectives (i miei, le mie)

Possessives with family members (mio padre)

Formal address (dare del Lei)

Present tense of -are verbs (-o, -i, -a)

Question words (chi, cosa, dove)

Present tense of -ere verbs (-o, -i, -e)

Question words (quando, come, perché)

Question word agreement (quanto, quanta, quanti, quante)

Regular -ire verbs

Verbs with -isc- (capisco, capisci, capisce)

Pronouns after prepositions (me, te, lui)

The verb fare (faccio, fai, fa)

The verb andare (vado, vai, va)

The verb stare (sto, stai, sta)

The verb venire (vengo, vieni, viene)

The verb uscire (esco, esci, esce)

Location and destination (a, in)

Origin and movement (da)

Articulated prepositions with a (al, alla)

Articulated prepositions with in (nel, nella)

Articulated prepositions with di and da (del, dal)

Simple prepositions (con, per, su, tra)

Articulated prepositions with su (sul, sulla)

Months of the year

Telling time (sono le...)

Dates (il + number)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primo, secondo, terzo...)

The verb to want (volere)

The verb can (potere)

The verb must (dovere)

The verb to know (sapere)

Reflexive verbs (mi lavo, ti lavi)

Indirect object pronouns (gli, le, ci...)

Expressing preferences (mi piace)

Plural preferences (mi piacciono)

Comparatives (più... di, meno... di)

The passato prossimo with avere (ho parlato)

Irregular past participles (fatto, letto, preso)

The passato prossimo with essere (sono andato)

Reflexive verbs in the past (mi sono svegliato)

Time adverbs with the past tense (già, mai, ancora)

Third-person direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le)

First and second-person direct object pronouns (mi, ti, ci, vi)

The four seasons

Prepositions of place (vicino a, davanti a)

Conversational words (beh, allora, davvero)

Indefinite adjectives for some (qualche, alcuni)

Indefinite adjectives for every and all (ogni, tutti)

Indefinite pronouns (qualcosa, qualcuno)

Noun suffixes (-ino, -one)

Adverbs of manner (-mente)

Comparisons of equality (così... come)

The relative superlative (il più)

The absolute superlative (-issimo)

Irregular comparatives (migliore, peggiore)

Present progressive (stare + -ando, -endo)

Imminent actions (stare per)

The locative pronoun (ci)

The partitive pronoun (ne)

Pronoun placement with modal verbs

Impersonal subjects (si)

Prepositions of time (da, per, tra, fra)

Past participle agreement with pronouns

Question	Answer
to explore	esplorare
the space	lo spazio
In ten years, we will explore space.	Tra dieci anni esploreremo lo spazio.
the robot	il robot
Will the robots work for us?	I robot lavoreranno per noi?
the technology	la tecnologia
Will these robots think with this new technology?	Questi robot penseranno con questa nuova tecnologia?
the spaceship (f)	l'astronave
the planet	il pianeta
The spaceship will explore a new planet.	L'astronave esplorerà un nuovo pianeta.
to land	atterrare
Mars	Marte
Their spaceship will land on Mars tomorrow.	La loro astronave atterrerà su Marte domani.
I bought the ticket, but I will not land on Mars.	Ho comprato il biglietto, ma non atterrerò su Marte.
Earth	la Terra
to exist	esistere
Earth will always exist, but we will explore another planet.	La Terra esisterà sempre, ma esploreremo un altro pianeta.
These technologies will not exist in a hundred years.	Queste tecnologie non esisteranno tra cento anni.
They will explore space and live on Mars.	Esploreranno lo spazio e abiteranno su Marte.
Will you take the first spaceship for Mars?	Prenderete la prima astronave per Marte?
We will visit Earth tomorrow.	Visiteremo la Terra domani.
the day after tomorrow	dopodomani
The day after tomorrow I will leave for the seaside.	Dopodomani partirò per il mare.
Today is Monday: the day after tomorrow is Wednesday.	Oggi è lunedì: dopodomani è mercoledì.

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