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In Italian, attaching the pronoun **ci** to certain verbs shifts their meaning from simply doing an action to having the physical or mental *capacity* to do it. This little **ci** anchors the verb to your general ability.

### Vederci

When you add **ci** to *vedere* (to see), you get **vederci**: to have the sense of sight, or to be able to see in a given situation (like in the **penombra**, dim light). You will use this verb frequently when visiting the **oculista** (eye doctor) or **ottico** (optician), or when discussing being **miope** (nearsighted) or **cieco** (blind).

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### Sentirci

Similarly, **sentirci** (from *sentire*, to hear) refers to your physical ability to hear. It comes up often at the **otorino** (ENT doctor), when dealing with a **ronzio** (ringing in the ears), or when using an **apparecchio** (hearing aid) to catch a **bisbiglio** (whisper).

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### Capirci

**Capirci** takes *capire* (to understand) and turns it into grasping a complex situation or "making heads or tails of it." It is almost always paired with indefinite pronouns like **qualcosa** (something), **niente**, or **nulla** (nothing).

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Sensory capacity (vederci, sentirci, capirci)

adjective

adjective/adverb

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

Subject pronouns and the verb to be (io sono)

Singular definite articles (il, la)

Singular demonstratives (questo, questa)

Basic verbal negation (non)

Yes/No questions

Coordinating conjunctions (e, ma, o)

Regular plurals and definite articles (-i, -e, i, le)

Plural verb to be (noi siamo, voi siete)

Plural demonstratives (questi, queste)

Nouns ending in -e

Special singular articles (lo, l')

The plural article (gli)

Special indefinite articles (uno, un')

Demonstrative adjectives (quello, quella)

Adjective endings (-o, -a, -i, -e)

Expressing quantity (molto, poco, tanto)

The verb to have (ho, hai, ha...)

There is / there are (c'è, ci sono)

The preposition of (di)

Singular possessives (il mio, la mia)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, due, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (undici, dodici...)

Numbers 21 to 100 (trenta, quaranta...)

Idiomatic avere (avere fame, avere anni)

Plural possessive adjectives (i miei, le mie)

Possessives with family members (mio padre)

Formal address (dare del Lei)

Present tense of -are verbs (-o, -i, -a)

Question words (chi, cosa, dove)

Present tense of -ere verbs (-o, -i, -e)

Question words (quando, come, perché)

Question word agreement (quanto, quanta, quanti, quante)

Regular -ire verbs

Verbs with -isc- (capisco, capisci, capisce)

Pronouns after prepositions (me, te, lui)

The verb fare (faccio, fai, fa)

The verb andare (vado, vai, va)

The verb stare (sto, stai, sta)

The verb venire (vengo, vieni, viene)

The verb uscire (esco, esci, esce)

Location and destination (a, in)

Origin and movement (da)

Articulated prepositions with a (al, alla)

Articulated prepositions with in (nel, nella)

Articulated prepositions with di and da (del, dal)

Simple prepositions (con, per, su, tra)

Articulated prepositions with su (sul, sulla)

Months of the year

Telling time (sono le...)

Dates (il + number)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primo, secondo, terzo...)

The verb to want (volere)

The verb can (potere)

The verb must (dovere)

The verb to know (sapere)

Reflexive verbs (mi lavo, ti lavi)

Indirect object pronouns (gli, le, ci...)

Expressing preferences (mi piace)

Plural preferences (mi piacciono)

Comparatives (più... di, meno... di)

The passato prossimo with avere (ho parlato)

Irregular past participles (fatto, letto, preso)

The passato prossimo with essere (sono andato)

Reflexive verbs in the past (mi sono svegliato)

Time adverbs with the past tense (già, mai, ancora)

Third-person direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le)

First and second-person direct object pronouns (mi, ti, ci, vi)

The four seasons

Prepositions of place (vicino a, davanti a)

Conversational words (beh, allora, davvero)

Indefinite adjectives for some (qualche, alcuni)

Indefinite adjectives for every and all (ogni, tutti)

Indefinite pronouns (qualcosa, qualcuno)

Noun suffixes (-ino, -one)

Adverbs of manner (-mente)

Comparisons of equality (così... come)

The relative superlative (il più)

The absolute superlative (-issimo)

Irregular comparatives (migliore, peggiore)

Present progressive (stare + -ando, -endo)

Imminent actions (stare per)

The locative pronoun (ci)

The partitive pronoun (ne)

Pronoun placement with modal verbs

Impersonal subjects (si)

Prepositions of time (da, per, tra, fra)

Past participle agreement with pronouns

Question	Answer
ophthalmologist / eye doctor	l'oculista
The eye doctor told me that I cannot see well.	L'oculista mi ha detto che non ci vedo bene.
blind	cieco
nearsighted	miope
Grandpa is more blind than nearsighted, he cannot see at all.	Il nonno è più cieco che miope, non ci vede affatto.
outline / contour	il contorno
I am almost blind; without my glasses I only distinguish the outline of things.	Sono quasi cieco, senza gli occhiali distinguo solo il contorno delle cose.
You are very nearsighted, you must go to the eye doctor.	Sei molto miope, devi andare dall'oculista.
ENT doctor	l'otorino
buzzing / ringing	il ronzio
Go to the ENT doctor, 'cause you have a ringing and you cannot hear!	Vai dall'otorino, che hai un ronzio e non ci senti!
The ENT doctor confirmed that now I can hear well.	L'otorino ha confermato che adesso ci sento bene.
hearing aid / device (appliance, apparatus)	l'apparecchio
With the hearing aid he can hear well, but the ringing remains.	Con l'apparecchio ci sente bene, ma il ronzio rimane.
to grasp / understand	capirci
He does not want to use the hearing aid, and he doesn't understand anything.	Lui non vuole usare l'apparecchio, e non ci capisce nulla.
The professor explains it to himself, because we don't understand anything.	Il professore se lo spiega da solo, perché noi non ci capiamo niente.
Do you guys understand anything about this document?	Ci capite qualcosa di questo documento?
I do not distinguish the outline of the painting, and I don't understand a thing about it.	Non distinguo il contorno del quadro e non ci capisco nulla.
dim light	la penombra
optician	l'ottico
I wasn't seeing well in the dim light, so I went to the optician.	Non ci vedevo bene nella penombra, quindi sono andato dall'ottico.
The optician asked me if I could see well.	L'ottico mi ha domandato se ci vedessi bene.
whisper	il bisbiglio
I thought grandpa couldn't hear, but he heard a whisper.	Pensavo che il nonno non ci sentisse, ma ha sentito un bisbiglio.
With this noise, we aren't understanding anything.	Con questo rumore, non ci stiamo capendo niente.
clearly	chiaramente
The patient doesn't hear well, you must speak clearly.	Il paziente non ci sente bene, devi parlare chiaramente.
I don't see clearly in the dim light.	Non ci vedo chiaramente nella penombra.
It's a whisper, I don't understand anything.	È un bisbiglio, non ci capisco niente.