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### Doing things to "each other"

When people do an action to each other, Italian uses plural reflexive pronouns. To express "each other," use **ci** (we), **vi** (you all), or **si** (they) before the verb.

You can turn almost any standard Italian verb into a mutual action. For example, *vedere* (to see) becomes *vedersi* (to see each other), and *amare* (to love) becomes *amarsi* (to love each other).

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### Relationship vocabulary

Many relationship verbs are inherently reflexive or reciprocal, such as **frequentarsi** (to date) and **fidarsi** (to trust each other).

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### The past tense

When using reciprocal verbs in the past tense (*passato prossimo*), always use the helping verb **essere**. The past participle must agree with the plural subject, ending in **-i** (for men or mixed groups) or **-e** (for women). 

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This pattern applies to all relationship milestones, including **lasciarsi** (to break up).

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Reciprocal verbs (ci, vi, si)

adjective

adjective/adverb

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

Subject pronouns and the verb to be (io sono)

Singular definite articles (il, la)

Singular demonstratives (questo, questa)

Basic verbal negation (non)

Yes/No questions

Coordinating conjunctions (e, ma, o)

Regular plurals and definite articles (-i, -e, i, le)

Plural verb to be (noi siamo, voi siete)

Plural demonstratives (questi, queste)

Nouns ending in -e

Special singular articles (lo, l')

The plural article (gli)

Special indefinite articles (uno, un')

Demonstrative adjectives (quello, quella)

Adjective endings (-o, -a, -i, -e)

Expressing quantity (molto, poco, tanto)

The verb to have (ho, hai, ha...)

There is / there are (c'è, ci sono)

The preposition of (di)

Singular possessives (il mio, la mia)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, due, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (undici, dodici...)

Numbers 21 to 100 (trenta, quaranta...)

Idiomatic avere (avere fame, avere anni)

Plural possessive adjectives (i miei, le mie)

Possessives with family members (mio padre)

Formal address (dare del Lei)

Present tense of -are verbs (-o, -i, -a)

Question words (chi, cosa, dove)

Present tense of -ere verbs (-o, -i, -e)

Question words (quando, come, perché)

Question word agreement (quanto, quanta, quanti, quante)

Regular -ire verbs

Verbs with -isc- (capisco, capisci, capisce)

Pronouns after prepositions (me, te, lui)

The verb fare (faccio, fai, fa)

The verb andare (vado, vai, va)

The verb stare (sto, stai, sta)

The verb venire (vengo, vieni, viene)

The verb uscire (esco, esci, esce)

Location and destination (a, in)

Origin and movement (da)

Articulated prepositions with a (al, alla)

Articulated prepositions with in (nel, nella)

Articulated prepositions with di and da (del, dal)

Simple prepositions (con, per, su, tra)

Articulated prepositions with su (sul, sulla)

Months of the year

Telling time (sono le...)

Dates (il + number)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primo, secondo, terzo...)

The verb to want (volere)

The verb can (potere)

The verb must (dovere)

The verb to know (sapere)

Reflexive verbs (mi lavo, ti lavi)

Indirect object pronouns (gli, le, ci...)

Expressing preferences (mi piace)

Plural preferences (mi piacciono)

Comparatives (più... di, meno... di)

The passato prossimo with avere (ho parlato)

Irregular past participles (fatto, letto, preso)

The passato prossimo with essere (sono andato)

Reflexive verbs in the past (mi sono svegliato)

Time adverbs with the past tense (già, mai, ancora)

Third-person direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le)

First and second-person direct object pronouns (mi, ti, ci, vi)

The four seasons

Prepositions of place (vicino a, davanti a)

Conversational words (beh, allora, davvero)

Indefinite adjectives for some (qualche, alcuni)

Indefinite adjectives for every and all (ogni, tutti)

Indefinite pronouns (qualcosa, qualcuno)

Noun suffixes (-ino, -one)

Adverbs of manner (-mente)

Comparisons of equality (così... come)

The relative superlative (il più)

The absolute superlative (-issimo)

Irregular comparatives (migliore, peggiore)

Present progressive (stare + -ando, -endo)

Imminent actions (stare per)

The locative pronoun (ci)

The partitive pronoun (ne)

Pronoun placement with modal verbs

Impersonal subjects (si)

Prepositions of time (da, per, tra, fra)

Past participle agreement with pronouns

Question	Answer
to date each other	frequentarsi
Marco and I have been dating for a month.	Io e Marco ci frequentiamo da un mese.
They are dating and go to the cinema often.	Si frequentano e vanno spesso al cinema.
the boyfriend	il fidanzato
in love	innamorato
My boyfriend is very in love with me.	Il mio fidanzato è molto innamorato di me.
to fall in love	innamorarsi
the girlfriend	la fidanzata
When did you fall in love with your girlfriend?	Quando ti sei innamorato della tua fidanzata?
They fell in love immediately.	Si sono innamorati subito.
to trust	fidarsi
faithful	fedele
We trust each other because we are faithful.	Ci fidiamo perché siamo fedeli.
jealous	geloso
Her boyfriend is jealous and does not trust her.	Il suo fidanzato è geloso e non si fida di lei.
to argue	litigare
His girlfriend was jealous, so they argued often.	La sua fidanzata era gelosa, quindi litigavano spesso.
to break up	lasciarsi
to separate (as a couple)	separarsi
They broke up, even though they never argued.	Si sono lasciati, anche se non litigavano mai.
We broke up because he was not faithful.	Ci siamo lasciati perché lui non era fedele.
You are in love, but you never see each other.	Siete innamorati, ma non vi vedete mai.
They love each other, even though they live far away.	Si amano, anche se abitano lontano.
to divorce	divorziare
My parents argue often and now they are separating.	I miei genitori litigano spesso e ora si separano.
They no longer trust each other and they separate.	Non si fidano più e si separano.
My aunt and my uncle are divorcing: the marriage is over.	Mia zia e mio zio divorziano: il matrimonio è finito.
Why are you divorcing? It is not a happy marriage.	Perché divorziate? Non è un matrimonio felice.
to love, to care about (ti voglio bene — warmer than amare)	volere bene a
I love you, mom.	Ti voglio bene, mamma.
I love my grandmother dearly.	Voglio bene a mia nonna.
the affection (con affetto: letter sign-off)	l'affetto
At the end I write: with affection, your daughter.	Alla fine scrivo: con affetto, tua figlia.
I have a great affection for my grandparents.	Ho un grande affetto per i miei nonni.

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