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When talking about two future events where one must be completed before the other can begin, Italian uses a specific pairing of tenses. The action that finishes *first* takes the **futuro anteriore** (future perfect), and the action that happens *second* takes the simple future.

To connect these two steps, you will use time conjunctions like **quando** (when), **dopo che** (after), and **appena** (as soon as).

### Using *Quando* and *Dopo che*

Use **quando** or **dopo che** followed by the *futuro anteriore* to establish the prerequisite step in a process, such as restoring a piece of antique furniture.

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### Using *Appena*

When the second action will happen immediately after the first is finished, use **appena** (as soon as).

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### Changing the Clause Order

The phrase containing the conjunction and the *futuro anteriore* does not have to go at the beginning of the sentence. You can naturally place it after the main future action.

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Future perfect with time conjunctions (appena, quando)

adjective

adjective/adverb

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

Subject pronouns and the verb to be (io sono)

Singular definite articles (il, la)

Singular demonstratives (questo, questa)

Basic verbal negation (non)

Yes/No questions

Coordinating conjunctions (e, ma, o)

Regular plurals and definite articles (-i, -e, i, le)

Plural verb to be (noi siamo, voi siete)

Plural demonstratives (questi, queste)

Nouns ending in -e

Special singular articles (lo, l')

The plural article (gli)

Special indefinite articles (uno, un')

Demonstrative adjectives (quello, quella)

Adjective endings (-o, -a, -i, -e)

Expressing quantity (molto, poco, tanto)

The verb to have (ho, hai, ha...)

There is / there are (c'è, ci sono)

The preposition of (di)

Singular possessives (il mio, la mia)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, due, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (undici, dodici...)

Numbers 21 to 100 (trenta, quaranta...)

Idiomatic avere (avere fame, avere anni)

Plural possessive adjectives (i miei, le mie)

Possessives with family members (mio padre)

Formal address (dare del Lei)

Present tense of -are verbs (-o, -i, -a)

Question words (chi, cosa, dove)

Present tense of -ere verbs (-o, -i, -e)

Question words (quando, come, perché)

Question word agreement (quanto, quanta, quanti, quante)

Regular -ire verbs

Verbs with -isc- (capisco, capisci, capisce)

Pronouns after prepositions (me, te, lui)

The verb fare (faccio, fai, fa)

The verb andare (vado, vai, va)

The verb stare (sto, stai, sta)

The verb venire (vengo, vieni, viene)

The verb uscire (esco, esci, esce)

Location and destination (a, in)

Origin and movement (da)

Articulated prepositions with a (al, alla)

Articulated prepositions with in (nel, nella)

Articulated prepositions with di and da (del, dal)

Simple prepositions (con, per, su, tra)

Articulated prepositions with su (sul, sulla)

Months of the year

Telling time (sono le...)

Dates (il + number)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primo, secondo, terzo...)

The verb to want (volere)

The verb can (potere)

The verb must (dovere)

The verb to know (sapere)

Reflexive verbs (mi lavo, ti lavi)

Indirect object pronouns (gli, le, ci...)

Expressing preferences (mi piace)

Plural preferences (mi piacciono)

Comparatives (più... di, meno... di)

The passato prossimo with avere (ho parlato)

Irregular past participles (fatto, letto, preso)

The passato prossimo with essere (sono andato)

Reflexive verbs in the past (mi sono svegliato)

Time adverbs with the past tense (già, mai, ancora)

Third-person direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le)

First and second-person direct object pronouns (mi, ti, ci, vi)

The four seasons

Prepositions of place (vicino a, davanti a)

Conversational words (beh, allora, davvero)

Indefinite adjectives for some (qualche, alcuni)

Indefinite adjectives for every and all (ogni, tutti)

Indefinite pronouns (qualcosa, qualcuno)

Noun suffixes (-ino, -one)

Adverbs of manner (-mente)

Comparisons of equality (così... come)

The relative superlative (il più)

The absolute superlative (-issimo)

Irregular comparatives (migliore, peggiore)

Present progressive (stare + -ando, -endo)

Imminent actions (stare per)

The locative pronoun (ci)

The partitive pronoun (ne)

Pronoun placement with modal verbs

Impersonal subjects (si)

Prepositions of time (da, per, tra, fra)

Past participle agreement with pronouns

Question	Answer
to sand	carteggiare
the scratch	il graffio
When we have sanded the old furniture, we will see the scratches.	Quando avremo carteggiato il vecchio mobile, vedremo i graffi.
after (conjunction)	dopo che
to apply (a coat of)	passare
the varnish	la vernice
delicate	delicato
After he has applied the varnish, the furniture will be very delicate.	Dopo che avrà passato la vernice, il mobile sarà molto delicato.
as soon as	appena
to remove	rimuovere
the stain	la macchia
the wax	la cera
As soon as I have removed the stain, I will be able to apply the wax.	Appena avrò rimosso la macchia, potrò mettere la cera.
to polish	lucidare
We will polish the wood only after we have put on the wax.	Lucideremo il legno solo dopo che avremo messo la cera.
the handle	la maniglia
It is necessary to mount the handles as soon as we have finished polishing.	Bisogna montare le maniglie appena avremo finito di lucidare.
After I have removed the varnish, I will sand every scratch.	Dopo che avrò rimosso la vernice, carteggerò ogni graffio.
When I have sanded the wood, the table will be like new.	Quando avrò carteggiato il legno, il tavolo sarà come nuovo.
We will manage as soon as we have removed the old varnish.	Ce la faremo appena avremo rimosso la vecchia vernice.
You will have to leave after we have applied the varnish.	Dovrai andartene dopo che avremo passato la vernice.
When you have sanded the wood, you will apply the varnish.	Quando avrai carteggiato il legno, passerai la vernice.
As soon as I have removed the stain, I will polish the delicate handle.	Appena avrò rimosso la macchia, luciderò la maniglia delicata.
meanwhile, in the meantime	intanto
You make dinner, meanwhile I will clean.	Tu prepara la cena, intanto io pulisco.
While we wait, I read the newspaper.	Intanto che aspettiamo, leggo il giornale.

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