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In Italian, subject pronouns (like *io* or *tu*) are usually dropped. However, to emphasize *who* is performing an action—especially to contrast it with what someone else is doing—you must include the pronoun and place it **after** the verb.

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This post-verbal placement applies to names as well. If you need to clarify exactly who completed a task or correct a misunderstanding, the name goes after the verb.

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### Answering "Chi?" (Who?)

When answering a question that asks *chi* (who), the person's identity is the most important piece of new information. Emphasized information naturally lands at the end of an Italian sentence.

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You can use this structure to claim any task, like managing the proceeds (*il ricavato*) or acting as the cashier (*il cassiere*). 

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Contrastive focus (lo faccio io)

adjective

adjective/adverb

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

Subject pronouns and the verb to be (io sono)

Singular definite articles (il, la)

Singular demonstratives (questo, questa)

Basic verbal negation (non)

Yes/No questions

Coordinating conjunctions (e, ma, o)

Regular plurals and definite articles (-i, -e, i, le)

Plural verb to be (noi siamo, voi siete)

Plural demonstratives (questi, queste)

Nouns ending in -e

Special singular articles (lo, l')

The plural article (gli)

Special indefinite articles (uno, un')

Demonstrative adjectives (quello, quella)

Adjective endings (-o, -a, -i, -e)

Expressing quantity (molto, poco, tanto)

The verb to have (ho, hai, ha...)

There is / there are (c'è, ci sono)

The preposition of (di)

Singular possessives (il mio, la mia)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, due, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (undici, dodici...)

Numbers 21 to 100 (trenta, quaranta...)

Idiomatic avere (avere fame, avere anni)

Plural possessive adjectives (i miei, le mie)

Possessives with family members (mio padre)

Formal address (dare del Lei)

Present tense of -are verbs (-o, -i, -a)

Question words (chi, cosa, dove)

Present tense of -ere verbs (-o, -i, -e)

Question words (quando, come, perché)

Question word agreement (quanto, quanta, quanti, quante)

Regular -ire verbs

Verbs with -isc- (capisco, capisci, capisce)

Pronouns after prepositions (me, te, lui)

The verb fare (faccio, fai, fa)

The verb andare (vado, vai, va)

The verb stare (sto, stai, sta)

The verb venire (vengo, vieni, viene)

The verb uscire (esco, esci, esce)

Location and destination (a, in)

Origin and movement (da)

Articulated prepositions with a (al, alla)

Articulated prepositions with in (nel, nella)

Articulated prepositions with di and da (del, dal)

Simple prepositions (con, per, su, tra)

Articulated prepositions with su (sul, sulla)

Months of the year

Telling time (sono le...)

Dates (il + number)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primo, secondo, terzo...)

The verb to want (volere)

The verb can (potere)

The verb must (dovere)

The verb to know (sapere)

Reflexive verbs (mi lavo, ti lavi)

Indirect object pronouns (gli, le, ci...)

Expressing preferences (mi piace)

Plural preferences (mi piacciono)

Comparatives (più... di, meno... di)

The passato prossimo with avere (ho parlato)

Irregular past participles (fatto, letto, preso)

The passato prossimo with essere (sono andato)

Reflexive verbs in the past (mi sono svegliato)

Time adverbs with the past tense (già, mai, ancora)

Third-person direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le)

First and second-person direct object pronouns (mi, ti, ci, vi)

The four seasons

Prepositions of place (vicino a, davanti a)

Conversational words (beh, allora, davvero)

Indefinite adjectives for some (qualche, alcuni)

Indefinite adjectives for every and all (ogni, tutti)

Indefinite pronouns (qualcosa, qualcuno)

Noun suffixes (-ino, -one)

Adverbs of manner (-mente)

Comparisons of equality (così... come)

The relative superlative (il più)

The absolute superlative (-issimo)

Irregular comparatives (migliore, peggiore)

Present progressive (stare + -ando, -endo)

Imminent actions (stare per)

The locative pronoun (ci)

The partitive pronoun (ne)

Pronoun placement with modal verbs

Impersonal subjects (si)

Prepositions of time (da, per, tra, fra)

Past participle agreement with pronouns

Question	Answer
the stall (small table, stand)	il banchetto
the sign (notice, placard)	il cartello
I'll organize the stall, but you write the sign.	Il banchetto lo organizzo io, ma il cartello lo scrivi tu.
the baking pan	la teglia
the tart	la crostata
I have the baking pan for the tart.	La teglia per la crostata ce l'ho io.
to knead	impastare
I kneaded the tart before going out.	La crostata l'ho impastata io prima di uscire.
to put in the oven	infornare
Who is putting the tart in the oven? Marco is putting it in.	Chi inforna la crostata? La inforna Marco.
the pastry	il pasticcino
to package	confezionare
While you were working, Maria packaged the pastries.	Mentre tu lavoravi, i pasticcini li ha confezionati Maria.
the cashier	il cassiere
the proceeds	il ricavato
I'll be the cashier, so I'll take care of the proceeds.	Il cassiere lo faccio io, quindi mi occupo io del ricavato.
Did you write something nice on the sign? No, Luca wrote it.	Hai scritto tu qualcosa di bello sul cartello? No, l'ha scritto Luca.
Anna is kneading, but I'll put everything in the oven.	Anna impasta, ma inforno tutto io.
Who is managing the stall? We're managing it, but Maria is the cashier.	Chi gestisce il banchetto? Lo gestiamo noi, ma il cassiere lo fa Maria.
I am not making the tart, but I will bring the pastries.	La crostata non la faccio io, ma i pasticcini li porto io.
Did you count the proceeds? No, Marco counted them.	L'hai contato tu il ricavato? No, l'ha contato Marco.
We need something good. I'll prepare it!	Abbiamo bisogno di qualcosa di buono. Lo preparo io!
I wash the baking pan, and Marco packages the cookies.	La teglia la lavo io, e i biscotti li confeziona Marco.
Who is making the tart? I am making it.	Chi fa la crostata? La faccio io.
Who is bringing the pastries? You are bringing them.	Chi porta i pasticcini? Li porti tu.
Who is managing the stand? He is managing it.	Chi gestisce il banchetto? Lo gestisce lui.
Who is selling the desserts? We are selling them.	Chi vende i dolci? Li vendiamo noi.