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### Combining "it" and "to me"

When you say something like "you give **it to me**" or "I lend **them to you**", you use two pronouns together: an indirect object (to me, to you) and a direct object (it, them). In Italian, these merge into **combined pronouns** (*pronomi combinati*).

Two important rules apply:
1. The indirect object (*mi, ti, gli, ci, vi*) always comes **before** the direct object (*lo, la, li, le*).
2. The indirect pronouns *mi, ti, ci,* and *vi* change their ending vowel to **e**, becoming *me, te, ce,* and *ve*.

Like single pronouns, they usually go right before the conjugated verb. Let's look at *me lo* (it to me), replacing a masculine singular noun like *il caricatore* (the charger) or *il trapano* (the drill).

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If the object being replaced is feminine, use *la* instead of *lo*. Here is how *ti* changes to *te* when combined with *la*.

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### The special case of *glielo*

When you want to say "it to him", "it to her", or "it to them", the indirect pronouns (*gli* or *le*) change to **glie-** and attach directly to the direct object pronoun, forming a single word. 

- *gli* / *le* + *lo* = **glielo**
- *gli* / *le* + *la* = **gliela**
- *gli* / *le* + *li* = **glieli**
- *gli* / *le* + *le* = **gliele**

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### Plural combinations: *ce li* and *ve le*

The exact same vowel-changing rule applies to the plural indirect pronouns *ci* (to us) and *vi* (to you all). They become **ce** and **ve**.

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Combined pronouns (me lo, te la)

adjective

adjective/adverb

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (il, la, l')

Indefinite articles (un, una)

Singular demonstratives (questo, questa)

Basic verbal negation (non)

Yes/No questions

Coordinating conjunctions (e, ma, o)

Regular plurals and definite articles (-i, -e, i, le)

Plural verb to be (noi siamo, voi siete)

Plural demonstratives (questi, queste)

Nouns ending in -e

Special singular articles (lo, l')

The plural article (gli)

Special indefinite articles (uno, un')

Demonstrative adjectives (quello, quella)

Adjective endings (-o, -a, -i, -e)

Expressing quantity (molto, poco, tanto)

The verb to have (ho, hai, ha...)

There is / there are (c'è, ci sono)

The preposition of (di)

Singular possessives (il mio, la mia)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, due, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (undici, dodici...)

Numbers 21 to 100 (trenta, quaranta...)

Idiomatic avere (avere fame, avere anni)

Plural possessive adjectives (i miei, le mie)

Possessives with family members (mio padre)

Formal address (dare del Lei)

Present tense of -are verbs (-o, -i, -a)

Question words (chi, cosa, dove)

Present tense of -ere verbs (-o, -i, -e)

Question words (quando, come, perché)

Question word agreement (quanto, quanta, quanti, quante)

Regular -ire verbs

Verbs with -isc- (capisco, capisci, capisce)

Pronouns after prepositions (me, te, lui)

The verb fare (faccio, fai, fa)

The verb andare (vado, vai, va)

The verb stare (sto, stai, sta)

The verb venire (vengo, vieni, viene)

The verb uscire (esco, esci, esce)

Location and destination (a, in)

Origin and movement (da)

Articulated prepositions with a (al, alla)

Articulated prepositions with in (nel, nella)

Articulated prepositions with di and da (del, dal)

Simple prepositions (con, per, su, tra)

Articulated prepositions with su (sul, sulla)

Months of the year

Telling time (sono le...)

Dates (il + number)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primo, secondo, terzo...)

The verb to want (volere)

The verb can (potere)

The verb must (dovere)

The verb to know (sapere)

Reflexive verbs (mi lavo, ti lavi)

Indirect object pronouns (gli, le, ci...)

Expressing preferences (mi piace)

Plural preferences (mi piacciono)

Comparatives (più... di, meno... di)

The passato prossimo with avere (ho parlato)

Irregular past participles (fatto, letto, preso)

The passato prossimo with essere (sono andato)

Reflexive verbs in the past (mi sono svegliato)

Time adverbs with the past tense (già, mai, ancora)

Third-person direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le)

First and second-person direct object pronouns (mi, ti, ci, vi)

The four seasons

Prepositions of place (vicino a, davanti a)

Conversational words (beh, allora, davvero)

Indefinite adjectives for some (qualche, alcuni)

Indefinite adjectives for every and all (ogni, tutti)

Indefinite pronouns (qualcosa, qualcuno)

Noun suffixes (-ino, -one)

Adverbs of manner (-mente)

Comparisons of equality (così... come)

The relative superlative (il più)

The absolute superlative (-issimo)

Irregular comparatives (migliore, peggiore)

Present progressive (stare + -ando, -endo)

Imminent actions (stare per)

The locative pronoun (ci)

The partitive pronoun (ne)

Pronoun placement with modal verbs

Impersonal subjects (si)

Prepositions of time (da, per, tra, fra)

Past participle agreement with pronouns

Question	Answer
the charger	il caricatore
it to me	me lo
You took my charger. When are you returning it to me?	Hai preso il mio caricatore. Quando me lo restituisci?
the drill	il trapano
The drill is heavy. Are you bringing it to me?	Il trapano è pesante. Me lo porti tu?
it (fem.) to you	te la
You forgot the video tape at my place. I am bringing it to you tomorrow.	Hai dimenticato la videocassetta da me. Te la porto domani.
You cannot find your magazine? I am returning it to you immediately.	Non trovi la tua rivista? Te la restituisco subito.
the tool (m)	l'attrezzo
it to him/her	glielo
Marco wants a new tool. We are buying it for him.	Marco vuole un attrezzo nuovo. Glielo compriamo noi.
the hammer	il martello
Grandpa is looking for the hammer. Did you give it to him?	Il nonno cerca il martello. Glielo hai dato tu?
them (masc.) to us	ce li
Our tools are broken. Are you lending them to us?	I nostri attrezzi sono rotti. Ce li presti?
We want to use your drill and your hammer, but you are not lending them to us.	Vogliamo usare il tuo trapano e il tuo martello, ma non ce li presti.
the pliers	la pinza
them (fem.) to you (pl.)	ve le
Do you want my pliers? I gladly lend them to you.	Volete le mie pinze? Ve le presto volentieri.
You forgot your keys. We are bringing them to you tonight.	Avete dimenticato le vostre chiavi. Ve le portiamo stasera.
Marco's charger is here. I am returning it to him today.	Il caricatore di Marco è qui. Glielo restituisco oggi.
If you are looking for the pliers, I will lend them to you.	Se cerchi la pinza, te la presto io.

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