Eru þessi glös hrein?

Breakdown of Eru þessi glös hrein?

vera
to be
glasið
the glass
þessi
this (m/f)
hreinn
clean

Questions & Answers about Eru þessi glös hrein?

Doesn't þessi usually mean 'this' in the singular? Why does it mean 'these' here?
Good catch! While þessi is used for 'this' in the masculine and feminine singular, it is also the correct form for 'these' in the neuter plural (for both nominative and accusative cases). Because glös (glasses) is a neuter plural noun, we use þessi.
The singular word for glass is glas. Why does the 'a' change to 'ö' in the plural glös?
This happens because of a very common vowel change in Icelandic called the U-shift. When a neuter noun has an 'a' in the main syllable, that 'a' changes to an 'ö' in the plural. So, glas becomes glös, just like barn (child) becomes börn.
Why is the adjective 'clean' written as hrein and not hreint or hreinir?
Adjectives must always match the noun they describe in gender, number, and case. Since glös is a neuter plural noun in the nominative case, the dictionary form of the adjective hreinn (clean) changes into its neuter plural nominative form, which is hrein.
Why does the sentence start with Eru?
Just like in English, Icelandic creates a simple yes/no question by swapping the subject and the verb. Eru is the plural form of the verb vera (to be) for 'they are'. We put it at the front of the sentence to ask if the plural subject, þessi glös (these glasses), are clean.

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