Questions & Answers about Hann borðar með vinnufélaganum og henni.
Why do both vinnufélaganum and henni change their forms here?
The preposition með means "with". When you use it to talk about being in someone's company (accompaniment), it requires the words that follow it to be in the dative case. This rule applies to both the noun (vinnufélaganum) and the pronoun (henni).
Why is the pronoun henni used instead of hún?
henni is the dative form of hún (she). Because it is connected to the preposition með, it must be in the dative case. This is similar to how we say "with her" instead of "with she" in English!
How do we get the form vinnufélaganum from the base word vinnufélagi?
First, the dative case changes the masculine noun vinnufélagi (colleague) to vinnufélaga. Then, to say "the" colleague, we add the dative male definite article ending -num, giving us vinnufélaganum.
Does og (and) change how the grammar works for the second person?
No, the word og simply links the two people together. Because both people are grouped under the single preposition með, the dative requirement from með "flows through" the word og and applies to henni just as it does to the colleague.