Breakdown of Kálfinn á mér er mjög aumur eftir æfinguna.
vera
to be
ég
I
mjög
very
á
onto / on / in (static location) / on (a day of the week)
Questions & Answers about Kálfinn á mér er mjög aumur eftir æfinguna.
Why do we say Kálfinn á mér instead of Kálfinn minn?
This is the standard way Icelandic handles external body parts. Instead of using a possessive pronoun like minn, you use the definite form of the body part (kálfinn) followed by the preposition á and a dative pronoun (mér). It literally translates as the calf on me.
Is kálfinn the same word used for a baby cow?
They look identical in this sentence, but they come from slightly different base words. The leg muscle is kálfi (a weak masculine noun), while the animal is kálfur (a strong masculine noun). Because both take the -inn ending when you make them definite in the nominative case, they both become exactly the same word here: kálfinn.
Why is the adjective aumur in the masculine nominative form?
It has to agree with the main subject of the sentence, which is kálfinn (a masculine noun in the nominative case). The phrase á mér tells us whose calf it is, but it does not change the subject that aumur is describing.
Why is æfinguna in the accusative case?
The preposition eftir triggers the accusative case when it means after a time or event, like a workout. Æfing is a feminine noun, and its definite accusative form is æfinguna.