Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

Icelandic

### "We" and "You" (Plural)

To talk about "we" and plural "you", Icelandic uses the pronouns **við** and **þið**. Notice how the verb **vera** (to be) changes for each:

- **við erum** (we are)
- **þið eruð** (you are, plural)

{{item:943577}}

{{item:943579}}

### Three Ways to Say "They"

Unlike English, Icelandic has three distinct pronouns for "they", depending on the gender of the people or things you are talking about. All three use the same verb form: **eru** (are).

- **þeir** (they) - Used for a group of masculine nouns, or specifically a group of men or boys.
- **þær** (they) - Used for a group of feminine nouns, or specifically a group of women or girls.
- **þau** (they) - Used for neuter nouns, or *any mixed-gender group* of people (e.g., a man and a woman together).

| Pronoun | Verb form | Meaning |
|---------|-----------|---------|
| við | erum | we are |
| þið | eruð | you (pl) are |
| þeir / þær / þau | eru | they are |

### Plural Adjectives

Just like in the singular, adjectives must match the gender of the group they describe. When describing plural nouns, the adjective endings change:

**Masculine Plural:** Adjectives typically end in **-ir** (like *glaðir*, *þreyttir*).

{{item:943584}}

{{item:943586}}

**Feminine Plural:** Adjectives typically end in **-ar** (like *glaðar*, *ungar*).

{{item:943589}}

{{item:943590}}

**Neuter Plural:** Adjectives take specific neuter plural forms (like *lítil*, *veik*). Remember, you also use neuter forms for mixed-gender groups!

{{item:943593}}

{{item:943595}}

Plural pronouns and to be (við erum, þeir eru)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Presentative and the definite suffix (þetta er, -inn, -in, -ið)

Singular pronouns and to be (ég er, þú ert)

Singular adjective agreement

Yes/no questions (ert þú…?)

Basic negation (ekki)

Group 1 weak verbs (-ar)

Group 2 and 3 verbs (-ir, -ur)

Information questions (hvað, hver, hvar)

Expressing opinions (mér finnst, mér líkar)

Expressing desires (mig langar)

Numbers 1 to 10 (einn, tveir, þrír)

Direct objects on indefinite nouns

Direct objects on definite nouns

Singular object pronouns (mig, þig...)

Plural object pronouns (okkur, ykkur...)

Directional prepositions (um, í, á)

Verb-second word order

Expressing intentions (ætla að)

Needs and wants (þurfa, vilja)

Middle voice verbs (-st)

Possessive pronouns (minn, þinn)

Dative case with prepositions (í, á, frá)

Definite dative nouns (-num, -nni, -nu)

Dative personal pronouns (honum, henni, þeim)

Plural nouns (-ar, -ir, -ur)

Definite plural nouns (-nir, -nar, -in)

Accusative plural nouns

Number agreement 1 to 4 (einn, tveir…)

Singular commands

Past tense of the verb to be (var, vorum)

Present continuous (vera að)

Strong verbs in the present tense

Weather and dummy subjects (það)

Invariable possessive pronouns (hans, hennar, þeirra)

Accusative possessives (minn, þinn)

Accompaniment (með)

Dative plural (-um, -unum)

Compound sentences (og, en, eða)

"This" in the nominative (þessi, þessi, þetta)

"This" in the accusative (þennan, þessa, þetta)

Accusative adjectives (-an, -a, -t)

Numbers 1 to 4 in the accusative (einn, tvo, þrjá)

Third-person reflexive pronouns (sig, sér)

The preposition "to" with the genitive (til)

Subordinating conjunctions (að, af því að)

Simple past of weak verbs (-aði)

Question words (hvernig, hvaða)

Physical possession (vera með)

Abstract possession (hafa)

Telling time (hálf, korter)

Plural commands (-ið)

The simple past tense (-di, -ti, -ði)

Possessive noun endings (-s, -ar)

Days of the week (á mánudaginn, á mánudögum)

Kveðjur — greetings (halló, bless)

Um mig — where I am from

Kurteisi — please, sorry, congratulations

Ability and knowing how (kunna að)

Permission (mega)

Obligation (eiga að)

Plural strong verbs

Numbers 11 to 20 (ellefu, tólf...)

Counting by tens to 100 (þrjátíu, fjörutíu...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (fyrsti, annar...)

All / everything / everyone (allur)

The indefinite pronoun someone (einhver)

The indefinite pronoun no one (enginn)

Compound numbers from 21 (tuttugu og)

This in the dative singular (þessum, þessari, þessu)

These in the dative plural (þessum)

My and your in the dative (mínum, þínum)

Numbers 1 to 4 in the dative (einum, tveimur)

Adjectives in the dative singular (-um, -ri, -u)

Adjectives in the dative plural (-um)

Reflexive possessive in the accusative (sinn, sína, sitt)

Reflexive possessive in the dative (sínum, sinni)

Reflexive versus regular possessives (sinn, hans)

Demonstrative plural (þessir, þessar, þessi)

Definite genitive singular (-sins, -arinnar)

Indefinite genitive plural (-a)

Definite genitive plural (-anna)

Genitive prepositions (án, milli, vegna)

Prepositions of direction (yfir, undir, fyrir)

Prepositions of static location (yfir, undir, fyrir)

Weak adjectives in the nominative (-i, -a, -a)

Question	Answer
you (plural)	þið
together / on end (after a dative plural time noun)	saman
Are you (plural) together?	Eruð þið saman?
we	við
Yes, we are here together.	Já, við erum hér saman.
Are you (plural) outside?	Eruð þið úti?
Yes, we are outside.	Já, við erum úti.
very	mjög
glad	glaður
The boy and the man are very glad.	Strákurinn og maðurinn eru mjög glaðir.
they (m)	þeir
They (masculine) are not tired.	Þeir eru ekki þreyttir.
The woman and the girl are at home.	Konan og stelpan eru heima.
they (f)	þær
They (feminine) are young and beautiful.	Þær eru ungar og fallegar.
Are they (feminine) very glad?	Eru þær mjög glaðar?
Yes, they (feminine) are very glad.	Já, þær eru mjög glaðar.
they (n)	þau
They (neuter) are small.	Þau eru lítil.
Are they (neuter) sick?	Eru þau veik?
No, they (neuter) are not sick.	Nei, þau eru ekki veik.
They are very tired.	Þeir eru mjög þreyttir.