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Icelandic

### The Future with verða

In English, we use "will be" to talk about the future. In Icelandic, the verb **vera** (to be) is mostly kept for ongoing states. To predict a future state, condition, or feeling, use the verb **verða** (to become / will be).

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Notice that **verða** acts just like **vera**, linking the subject to an adjective. The adjective still agrees with the subject's gender and number (like the feminine *óþægileg* for *spöngin*).

### Predicting Pain and Feelings

When predicting how you will feel physically, **verða** handles "quirky subjects" just like present-tense verbs of experience. If a feeling requires a dative pronoun (like **þér** for experiencing pain), the verb locks into the impersonal third-person singular form (**verður**).

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For standard nominative subjects, the verb simply matches the noun.

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### Becoming and Changing States

Because **verða** fundamentally means "to become," it pairs perfectly with conjunctions like **þegar** (when) and **um leið og** (as soon as) to describe an upcoming shift from one state to another.

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When talking about multiple things changing at once, remember to use the plural form **verða** (they will be) instead of the singular **verður**.

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Future states (verða)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Presentative and the definite suffix (þetta er, -inn, -in, -ið)

Singular pronouns and to be (ég er, þú ert)

Singular adjective agreement

Yes/no questions (ert þú…?)

Basic negation (ekki)

Plural pronouns and to be (við erum, þeir eru)

Group 1 weak verbs (-ar)

Group 2 and 3 verbs (-ir, -ur)

Information questions (hvað, hver, hvar)

Expressing opinions (mér finnst, mér líkar)

Expressing desires (mig langar)

Numbers 1 to 10 (einn, tveir, þrír)

Direct objects on indefinite nouns

Direct objects on definite nouns

Singular object pronouns (mig, þig...)

Plural object pronouns (okkur, ykkur...)

Directional prepositions (um, í, á)

Verb-second word order

Expressing intentions (ætla að)

Needs and wants (þurfa, vilja)

Middle voice verbs (-st)

Possessive pronouns (minn, þinn)

Dative case with prepositions (í, á, frá)

Definite dative nouns (-num, -nni, -nu)

Dative personal pronouns (honum, henni, þeim)

Plural nouns (-ar, -ir, -ur)

Definite plural nouns (-nir, -nar, -in)

Accusative plural nouns

Number agreement 1 to 4 (einn, tveir…)

Singular commands

Past tense of the verb to be (var, vorum)

Present continuous (vera að)

Strong verbs in the present tense

Weather and dummy subjects (það)

Invariable possessive pronouns (hans, hennar, þeirra)

Accusative possessives (minn, þinn)

Accompaniment (með)

Dative plural (-um, -unum)

Compound sentences (og, en, eða)

"This" in the nominative (þessi, þessi, þetta)

"This" in the accusative (þennan, þessa, þetta)

Accusative adjectives (-an, -a, -t)

Numbers 1 to 4 in the accusative (einn, tvo, þrjá)

Third-person reflexive pronouns (sig, sér)

The preposition "to" with the genitive (til)

Subordinating conjunctions (að, af því að)

Simple past of weak verbs (-aði)

Question words (hvernig, hvaða)

Physical possession (vera með)

Abstract possession (hafa)

Telling time (hálf, korter)

Plural commands (-ið)

The simple past tense (-di, -ti, -ði)

Possessive noun endings (-s, -ar)

Days of the week (á mánudaginn, á mánudögum)

Kveðjur — greetings (halló, bless)

Um mig — where I am from

Kurteisi — please, sorry, congratulations

Ability and knowing how (kunna að)

Permission (mega)

Obligation (eiga að)

Plural strong verbs

Numbers 11 to 20 (ellefu, tólf...)

Counting by tens to 100 (þrjátíu, fjörutíu...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (fyrsti, annar...)

All / everything / everyone (allur)

The indefinite pronoun someone (einhver)

The indefinite pronoun no one (enginn)

Compound numbers from 21 (tuttugu og)

This in the dative singular (þessum, þessari, þessu)

These in the dative plural (þessum)

My and your in the dative (mínum, þínum)

Numbers 1 to 4 in the dative (einum, tveimur)

Adjectives in the dative singular (-um, -ri, -u)

Adjectives in the dative plural (-um)

Reflexive possessive in the accusative (sinn, sína, sitt)

Reflexive possessive in the dative (sínum, sinni)

Reflexive versus regular possessives (sinn, hans)

Demonstrative plural (þessir, þessar, þessi)

Definite genitive singular (-sins, -arinnar)

Indefinite genitive plural (-a)

Definite genitive plural (-anna)

Genitive prepositions (án, milli, vegna)

Prepositions of direction (yfir, undir, fyrir)

Prepositions of static location (yfir, undir, fyrir)

Question	Answer
the braces (f)	spöngin
the dental clinic	tannlæknastofan
The braces will be ready when I arrive at the dental clinic.	Spöngin verður tilbúin þegar ég kem á tannlæknastofuna.
uncomfortable	óþægilegur
The braces will be uncomfortable at first.	Spöngin verður óþægileg fyrst.
the metal (iron)	járnið
stuck / fixed	fastur
The metal will be fixed in the mouth.	Járnið verður fast í munninum.
the jaw	kjálkinn
Will your jaw hurt?	Verður þér illt í kjálkanum?
the pressure	þrýstingurinn
to tighten	herða
the wire	vírinn
The pressure will become great as soon as the dentist tightens the wire.	Þrýstingurinn verður mikill um leið og tannlæknirinn herðir vírinn.
to last	vara
The jaw will become stiff, but it does not last long.	Kjálkinn verður stífur en það varir ekki lengi.
The pressure will become more uncomfortable than the wire.	Þrýstingurinn verður óþægilegri en vírinn.
Will the dental clinic be open when I need to tighten the braces?	Verður tannlæknastofan opin þegar ég þarf að herða spöngina?
Will the pain be worse, or will it last longer?	Verður verkurinn verri, eða varir hann lengur?
The metal will be completely fixed.	Járnið verður alveg fast.
The teeth will become straight and the smile will be perfect.	Tennurnar verða beinar og brosið verður fullkomið.
The teeth will be sensitive as soon as you chew the food.	Tennurnar verða viðkvæmar um leið og þú tyggur matinn.