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Icelandic

### Relationships and Partnerships

Before we look at how partners interact, let's learn a few essential words for talking about couples and romance.

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You might also refer to your partner as your spouse (**makinn**), or mention that the two of you are engaged (**trúlofaður**).

### Saying "Each Other" (Hvor annar)

When exactly two entities act upon each other, Icelandic uses the reciprocal pronoun phrase **hvor annar** (each other). 

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This phrase is made of two words that change depending on gender and case. However, when talking about a mixed-gender couple, or when using the plural pronouns **við** (we), **þið** (you plural), or **þau** (they) to refer to two people, you will overwhelmingly use the neuter accusative form: **hvort annað**.

You will use **hvort annað** as the direct object of verbs like to love, or to support (**styðja**).

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### "Hvort annað" with Prepositions

You can also use **hvort annað** after prepositions that take the accusative case, such as **á** and **við**. For example, the verb to listen (**hlusta**) always pairs with the preposition **á**.

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Relationships aren't always easy. If a couple is arguing (**rífast**), they argue *with* (**við**) each other. Both **á** and **við** take the accusative, keeping the phrase as **hvort annað**.

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### The Ups and Downs of Romance

Every partnership has its highs and lows. You might go on a romantic date (**rómantískt stefnumót**), but if someone is too jealous (**öfundsjúkur**), it might eventually lead to a divorce (**skilnaður**). 

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Each other (hvor annar)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Presentative and the definite suffix (þetta er, -inn, -in, -ið)

Singular pronouns and to be (ég er, þú ert)

Singular adjective agreement

Yes/no questions (ert þú…?)

Basic negation (ekki)

Plural pronouns and to be (við erum, þeir eru)

Group 1 weak verbs (-ar)

Group 2 and 3 verbs (-ir, -ur)

Information questions (hvað, hver, hvar)

Expressing opinions (mér finnst, mér líkar)

Expressing desires (mig langar)

Numbers 1 to 10 (einn, tveir, þrír)

Direct objects on indefinite nouns

Direct objects on definite nouns

Singular object pronouns (mig, þig...)

Plural object pronouns (okkur, ykkur...)

Directional prepositions (um, í, á)

Verb-second word order

Expressing intentions (ætla að)

Needs and wants (þurfa, vilja)

Middle voice verbs (-st)

Possessive pronouns (minn, þinn)

Dative case with prepositions (í, á, frá)

Definite dative nouns (-num, -nni, -nu)

Dative personal pronouns (honum, henni, þeim)

Plural nouns (-ar, -ir, -ur)

Definite plural nouns (-nir, -nar, -in)

Accusative plural nouns

Number agreement 1 to 4 (einn, tveir…)

Singular commands

Past tense of the verb to be (var, vorum)

Present continuous (vera að)

Strong verbs in the present tense

Weather and dummy subjects (það)

Invariable possessive pronouns (hans, hennar, þeirra)

Accusative possessives (minn, þinn)

Accompaniment (með)

Dative plural (-um, -unum)

Compound sentences (og, en, eða)

"This" in the nominative (þessi, þessi, þetta)

"This" in the accusative (þennan, þessa, þetta)

Accusative adjectives (-an, -a, -t)

Numbers 1 to 4 in the accusative (einn, tvo, þrjá)

Third-person reflexive pronouns (sig, sér)

The preposition "to" with the genitive (til)

Subordinating conjunctions (að, af því að)

Simple past of weak verbs (-aði)

Question words (hvernig, hvaða)

Physical possession (vera með)

Abstract possession (hafa)

Telling time (hálf, korter)

Plural commands (-ið)

The simple past tense (-di, -ti, -ði)

Possessive noun endings (-s, -ar)

Days of the week (á mánudaginn, á mánudögum)

Kveðjur — greetings (halló, bless)

Um mig — where I am from

Kurteisi — please, sorry, congratulations

Ability and knowing how (kunna að)

Permission (mega)

Obligation (eiga að)

Plural strong verbs

Numbers 11 to 20 (ellefu, tólf...)

Counting by tens to 100 (þrjátíu, fjörutíu...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (fyrsti, annar...)

All / everything / everyone (allur)

The indefinite pronoun someone (einhver)

The indefinite pronoun no one (enginn)

Compound numbers from 21 (tuttugu og)

This in the dative singular (þessum, þessari, þessu)

These in the dative plural (þessum)

My and your in the dative (mínum, þínum)

Numbers 1 to 4 in the dative (einum, tveimur)

Adjectives in the dative singular (-um, -ri, -u)

Adjectives in the dative plural (-um)

Reflexive possessive in the accusative (sinn, sína, sitt)

Reflexive possessive in the dative (sínum, sinni)

Reflexive versus regular possessives (sinn, hans)

Demonstrative plural (þessir, þessar, þessi)

Definite genitive singular (-sins, -arinnar)

Indefinite genitive plural (-a)

Definite genitive plural (-anna)

Genitive prepositions (án, milli, vegna)

Prepositions of direction (yfir, undir, fyrir)

Prepositions of static location (yfir, undir, fyrir)

Question	Answer
the relationship	sambandið
They have a good relationship.	Þau eiga gott samband.
The relationship is very strong.	Sambandið er mjög sterkt.
each other	hvor annar
They always listen to each other.	Þau hlusta alltaf á hvort annað.
the spouse	makinn
My spouse is thirty years old.	Makinn minn er þrjátíu ára.
engaged	trúlofaður
My boyfriend and I are engaged.	Kærastinn minn og ég erum trúlofuð.
We are engaged and love each other.	Við erum trúlofuð og elskum hvort annað.
the date	stefnumótið
They were going on the date.	Þau voru að fara á stefnumótið.
romantic	rómantískur
The date is romantic.	Stefnumótið er rómantískt.
We are going to watch a romantic movie.	Við ætlum að horfa á rómantíska bíómynd.
to support	styðja
You need to support each other.	Þið þurfið að styðja hvort annað.
My spouse always supports me.	Makinn minn styður mig alltaf.
jealous	öfundsjúkur
Her spouse is way too jealous.	Makinn hennar er alltof öfundsjúkur.
It is bad to be jealous.	Það er slæmt að vera öfundsjúkur.
to argue	rífast
They were arguing for two hours.	Þau voru að rífast í tvo tíma.
Why are you arguing with each other?	Af hverju eruð þið að rífast við hvort annað?
the divorce	skilnaðurinn
The divorce is very difficult.	Skilnaðurinn er mjög erfiður.
They are going to get a divorce.	Þau ætla að fá skilnað.