Broad temporal periods (um)

When you want to say that an event happens "during the day," "at night," or "in the winter," you are talking about broad temporal periods. In Icelandic, this is expressed using the preposition um.

The Preposition "um" for Time

To say "during" or "in" a certain time of day, part of the week, or season, you use um followed by the noun in the accusative case.

When used this way, the time period almost always takes the definite article. For instance, "the winter" is veturinn, and because its form is the same in the accusative, it becomes um veturinn (during the winter). However, "the day" (dagurinn) changes to the accusative daginn, giving us um daginn (during the day).

The dog sled race is grueling during the winter.
Hundasleðakeppnin er harðneskjuleg um veturinn.
We rest the dogs during the day.
Við hvílum hundana um daginn.

More Times of Day

This reliable pattern applies to all times of the day, as well as weekends and other seasons. Just remember to use the accusative definite form:

  • nóttin (the night) becomes um nóttina
  • morguninn (the morning) becomes um morguninn
  • kvöldið (the evening) becomes um kvöldið
I understand that the sleep deprivation is grueling during the night.
Mér skilst að svefnleysið sé harðneskjulegt um nóttina.
We examine the paws at the checkpoint during the morning.
Við skoðum loppurnar á eftirlitsstöðinni um morguninn.
We run continuously during the evening, despite the fact that the snowstorm is grueling.
Við hlaupum óslitið um kvöldið, þrátt fyrir að hríðin sé harðneskjuleg.

Vocabulary Focus: The Dog Sled Race

This lesson's vocabulary revolves around the extreme conditions of a long-distance dog sled race (hundasleðakeppnin). When discussing such intense events, words describing continuous effort, harshness, and stamina are essential.

the stamina (endurance, perseverance)
þolgæðið
The stamina in the dog sled race is a continuous feat of endurance.
Þolgæðið í hundasleðakeppninni er óslitið þrekvirki.