Nhà tôi gần siêu thị.

Vietnamese often drops the copula in locative or descriptive sentences. Here, gần (“near”) already links your house and the supermarket, so you don’t need—and in fact cannot insert—là.

• Incorrect: Nhà tôi là gần siêu thị.
• If you do want a verb, you could add ở (see next question), but never là.

gần is a relational word that functions like a preposition in English: it shows spatial relationship.

• You can think of it as “to be near.”
• Structure: Subject + gần
  • Place.
• It’s not a full action verb (you don’t “do” gần something), but it behaves syntactically like a preposition.

Yes. Adding ở (“to be at/in”) makes the locative relation explicit and is very common in speech:

• Nhà tôi ở gần siêu thị. = “My house is near the supermarket.”
• Without ở, the sentence is still correct; with ở, it feels a bit more conversational.

In Vietnamese possessive structures, you can either use the particle của or simply place the pronoun after the noun:

• nhà của tôi = house + of + me
• nhà tôi = house + me
  Both mean “my house,” but nhà tôi is shorter and more colloquial. nhà của tôi can feel more formal or emphatic.

Yes. In context nhà tôi can also mean “my family” or “my household.”

• To be clear about a building, use context or add khách (e.g., nhà của tôi or mention “building”).
• To say “my family,” you can also use gia đình tôi.

No, that word order is ungrammatical for a simple locative statement.

• Standard: Subject (nhà tôi) + gần
  • locative noun (siêu thị).
• You can topicalize or invert for stylistic reasons, but colloquially you’d still say Nhà tôi gần siêu thị.