Лікар порадив сироп і сказав більше відпочивати.

Лікар is the subject of the sentence, so it appears in the nominative case, which is the dictionary form.

• лікар = doctor
• nominative singular masculine

It is the person doing the actions порадив and сказав.

Порадив is the past tense form: advised.

• порадити = to advise
• порадив = advised

In Ukrainian, past tense changes for gender and number:

• порадив = he advised
• порадила = she advised
• порадили = they advised

Since the sentence uses лікар and the verb is порадив, it reads as a male doctor. If it were a female doctor, you would normally say лікарка порадила or sometimes лікар порадила, depending on style and context.

Сироп is the direct object of порадив, so it is in the accusative case. But for many masculine inanimate nouns, the accusative singular looks exactly like the nominative singular.

So:

• nominative: сироп
• accusative: сироп

That is why there is no visible ending change.

Compare:

• Я бачу стіл. = I see a table.
  (стіл stays the same in the accusative because it is masculine inanimate)

But with an animate masculine noun:

• nominative: лікар
• accusative: лікаря

So the form depends on whether the noun is animate or inanimate.

Because the sentence describes two completed actions done by the doctor:

1. He advised syrup.
2. He said to rest more.

So:

• порадив = advised
• сказав = said

They are joined by і = and.

This is very natural in Ukrainian, just like in English: The doctor advised syrup and said to rest more.

After verbs like сказав in this kind of structure, Ukrainian often uses an infinitive to express what someone told or said to do.

• сказав відпочивати = said to rest

This works similarly to English told me to rest, though Ukrainian can omit the person being told if it is already clear from context.

So the structure is basically:

• сказав + infinitive
• said + to do something

Because Ukrainian infinitives do not use a separate word like English to.

• відпочивати already means to rest
• the ending -ти is part of the infinitive form

So:

• читати = to read
• працювати = to work
• відпочивати = to rest

English needs a separate word (to), but Ukrainian usually does not.

Більше means more, so більше відпочивати means to rest more.

It modifies the infinitive:

• відпочивати = to rest
• більше відпочивати = to rest more

This is a very common way to express doing more of something in Ukrainian:

• більше читати = to read more
• більше спати = to sleep more
• більше працювати = to work more

Because відпочивати is the imperfective form, and it fits the meaning of rest more as a general, ongoing recommendation.

• відпочивати = to be resting / to rest regularly / to rest in general
• відпочити = to rest up / to get some rest once, as a completed action

In this sentence, the doctor is giving general advice, not talking about one single completed rest event. So більше відпочивати sounds natural.

If you said відпочити, it would sound more like get some rest as a single completed action.

It can function a bit like English told in this sentence.

Literally:

• сказав = said

But in context:

• сказав більше відпочивати = said to rest more / told someone to rest more

Ukrainian often uses сказати in places where English would prefer tell. The person being told can be omitted if obvious from context.

If you wanted to make that person explicit, you could say:

• Лікар сказав мені більше відпочивати. = The doctor told me to rest more.

Because Ukrainian often leaves out words that are understood from context.

In this sentence, it is obvious that the doctor advised the patient and said the patient should rest more. So мені = to me is not necessary.

Fuller version:

• Лікар порадив мені сироп і сказав більше відпочивати.

But dropping мені is perfectly natural if the situation is already clear.

Yes, that is exactly the idea. Порадити often means to advise or to recommend, depending on context.

So порадив сироп can be understood as:

• advised syrup
• recommended a syrup
• suggested syrup

In natural English, recommended a syrup may sound smoother, but the Ukrainian structure is normal.

Yes, Ukrainian word order is fairly flexible. The neutral order here is:

• Лікар порадив сироп і сказав більше відпочивати.

This sounds natural and straightforward.

You could change the order for emphasis, for example:

• Сироп порадив лікар...
  This puts more focus on syrup, but it sounds more marked.

For learners, the given order is a good standard pattern: subject + verb + object + and + verb + infinitive phrase

The verb would normally change to the feminine past tense form:

• Лікарка порадила сироп і сказала більше відпочивати.

Or, depending on context and style, some speakers may still use лікар for a woman, but the verb would usually show feminine agreement:

• Лікар порадила сироп і сказала більше відпочивати.

For learners, the clearest version is:

• лікарка = female doctor
• порадила, сказала = feminine past forms

Yes. It reports what the doctor told someone, but the advice itself is still clear inside the sentence.

The structure is not direct quotation like:

• Лікар сказав: Відпочивайте більше.

Instead, it is reported speech:

• Лікар ... сказав більше відпочивати.

So it means the doctor gave that advice, without quoting the exact words.