Під ліхтарем є стежка до парку.

Because the preposition під usually requires the instrumental case when it means under / beneath something in a location sense.

• dictionary form: ліхтар = lamp, streetlamp
• instrumental singular: ліхтарем

So:

• під ліхтарем = under the lamp / under the streetlamp

This case change is very common in Ukrainian after prepositions.

Ліхтарем is in the instrumental singular.

You can tell because:

• the base noun is ліхтар
• masculine nouns like this often take -ем in the instrumental singular
• it follows під, which here calls for the instrumental

So the pattern is:

• ліхтар → nominative
• ліхтарем → instrumental

A learner should get used to seeing prepositions trigger specific cases.

Є means is / there is / exists.

In this sentence, є helps express existence:

• Під ліхтарем є стежка до парку.
• literally: Under the lamp there is a path to the park.

In modern Ukrainian, є is often omitted in the present tense, especially in informal speech, so you may also see:

• Під ліхтарем стежка до парку.

But with є, the sentence more clearly emphasizes that something is present or exists there.

Because стежка is the grammatical subject of the sentence, so it is in the nominative case.

Here, the sentence is saying that a path exists in that location. Since стежка is the thing being identified as existing, it stays in nominative:

• стежка = nominative singular

This is similar to how English uses the plain noun in There is a path...

Because the preposition до requires the genitive case.

• dictionary form: парк = park
• genitive singular: парку

So:

• до парку = to the park

This is a very important pattern:

• до + genitive

You will see it in many phrases involving direction toward something.

Usually, yes, but the exact English translation depends on context.

With physical location, під often means:

• under
• beneath

But in real usage, English may translate it more naturally as:

• by the lamp
• under the streetlamp
• near the lamppost

depending on the situation.

So in this sentence, the core idea is location relative to the lamp, even if the most natural English wording might vary.

Ukrainian does not have articles like English a/an and the.

So стежка can mean:

• a path
• the path

and парк can mean:

• a park
• the park

The exact meaning depends on context.

That is why one Ukrainian sentence can correspond to several English versions.

Yes. Ukrainian word order is more flexible than English because case endings show the grammatical relationships.

The sentence:

• Під ліхтарем є стежка до парку.

is natural and emphasizes the location first.

Other possible orders may be grammatical, for example:

• Стежка до парку є під ліхтарем.
• Є під ліхтарем стежка до парку.

But they may sound different in emphasis, rhythm, or style. The original order is a very natural way to introduce a place first and then say what is there.

A useful way to break it down is:

• Під ліхтарем = location
• є = there is / is
• стежка = the thing that exists
• до парку = where it leads

So the structure is basically:

• [location] + [there is] + [thing] + [destination]

This is a very common and useful sentence pattern in Ukrainian for describing what is somewhere.

The stress is on the last syllable:

• ліхтарЕм

A rough pronunciation guide:

• ліх sounds like leekh
• та sounds like tah
• рем sounds like REM

So approximately: leekh-ta-REM

Stress matters in Ukrainian, so it is good to learn words together with their stressed syllable.