Мені сподобалася ця книга.

Because Ukrainian expresses to like differently here.

In Мені сподобалася ця книга, the person who has the feeling is in the dative case:

• я = I
• мені = to me

So the structure is closer to:

• To me, this book was pleasing
• more naturally in English: I liked this book

This is very common with verbs like подобатися / сподобатися.

Ця книга is in the nominative case.

That is because, grammatically, the book is the subject of the sentence. In Ukrainian, with подобатися / сподобатися, the thing that is liked behaves like the subject.

So:

• мені = dative, the experiencer
• ця книга = nominative, the thing that pleased me

That feels unusual to English speakers because English says I liked the book, where I is the subject. Ukrainian organizes it differently.

Because the verb agrees with книга, which is feminine singular.

The verb is сподобалася, and its past tense ending shows feminine singular:

• masculine: сподобався
• feminine: сподобалася
• neuter: сподобалося
• plural: сподобалися

Compare:

• Мені сподобався фільм. = I liked the film.
• Мені сподобалася книга. = I liked the book.
• Мені сподобалося місто. = I liked the city.
• Мені сподобалися пісні. = I liked the songs.

This is mainly a question of aspect.

• подобатися = imperfective
• сподобатися = perfective

A useful way to think about them:

• подобатися = to be pleasing, to appeal, to be liked in a general/ongoing sense
• сподобатися = to come to be liked, to make a good impression, to be liked as a completed reaction

So:

• Мені подобається ця книга. = I like this book. / I am liking this book.
• Мені сподобалася ця книга. = I liked this book. / This book made a good impression on me.

In many contexts, сподобалася suggests a completed experience, for example after reading the book.

Not exactly, at least not word-for-word.

A more literal sense is something like:

• became pleasing to me
• appealed to me
• made a good impression on me

But in normal English translation, I liked this book is exactly the right natural meaning.

This is one of those places where the grammar is different even though the meaning is simple.

The -ся is part of the verb form. In many cases it developed from a reflexive element, but with подобатися / сподобатися, you should learn it as part of the whole verb.

So it is best to memorize:

• подобатися
• сподобатися

rather than trying to treat ся separately every time.

For learners, the safest approach is:

• learn the full dictionary form
• learn that this verb takes dative + nominative

Yes.

Сподобалася is past tense.

In Ukrainian past tense, the verb also shows gender and number, which English past tense does not. That is why the ending changes depending on the noun:

• сподобався = masculine
• сподобалася = feminine
• сподобалося = neuter
• сподобалися = plural

Because книга is feminine, you get сподобалася.

No, that is not correct.

With this verb, you do not use the pattern:

• I + liked + object

Instead, you use:

• to me + pleased/appealed + subject

So the correct pattern is:

• Мені сподобалася ця книга.

Not:

• Я сподобалася ця книга.

Also, сподобалася with я would sound like I was liked if interpreted another way, so it becomes especially confusing.

Because Ukrainian uses case endings instead of always needing a separate word like English to.

English says:

• to me

Ukrainian says:

• мені

The dative meaning is built into the form мені itself.

That is one of the biggest differences between English and Ukrainian: case endings often do the job that English prepositions do.

Yes. Ukrainian word order is more flexible than English.

All of these can work, depending on emphasis:

• Мені сподобалася ця книга.
• Ця книга мені сподобалася.
• Сподобалася мені ця книга.

The most neutral version is usually:

• Мені сподобалася ця книга.

Changing the order changes emphasis, not the basic meaning.

For example:

• Ця книга мені сподобалася may put more focus on this book
• Мені сподобалася ця книга may sound more balanced or neutral

Just add не before the verb:

• Мені не сподобалася ця книга.

That means I did not like this book.

The rest of the structure stays the same:

• мені = dative
• ця книга = nominative
• verb agrees with книга

The main thing that changes is the verb ending, because it agrees with the thing that was liked.

Examples:

• Мені сподобався цей фільм. = I liked this film.
• Мені сподобалося це місто. = I liked this city.
• Мені сподобалися ці книги. = I liked these books.

Notice how both the demonstrative and the verb match the noun.

It usually sounds more like a completed reaction.

So Мені сподобалася ця книга often suggests something like:

• I read it, and I liked it
• it made a good impression on me

If you want a more general or ongoing statement, Ukrainian often prefers the imperfective:

• Мені подобається ця книга.

So the contrast is roughly:

• Мені подобається ця книга. = I like this book.
• Мені сподобалася ця книга. = I liked this book.

In real life, context matters, but that distinction is very useful for learners.

A very useful pattern is:

[dative person] + [подобатися / сподобатися] + [nominative thing]

So:

• Мені сподобалася ця книга.
• Тобі подобається музика.
• Нам сподобався ресторан.

If you remember that pattern, sentences with подобатися / сподобатися become much easier.