Кравець подовжив штани.

Кравець means tailor.

In this sentence it is:

• masculine
• singular
• nominative case

It is the subject of the sentence, the person doing the action.

A useful thing to notice is that the verb подовжив is also in a masculine singular past form, so it matches a masculine singular subject.

Подовжив means made longer / lengthened.

So the idea is that the tailor altered the trousers so they became longer.

This is not the same as English prolonged in an abstract sense, like prolonging a meeting. Here it is a physical change in length.

A good opposite would be:

• вкоротив = shortened

Подовжив is:

• past tense
• masculine singular
• from the infinitive подовжити

So it tells you that:

• the action happened in the past
• the subject is masculine singular

In Ukrainian past tense, verbs often show the gender of the subject:

• подовжив = masculine
• подовжила = feminine
• подовжило = neuter
• подовжили = plural

Because штани is normally used as a plural-only noun, much like English pants or trousers.

So even when you mean one item of clothing, Ukrainian still uses the plural form:

• штани = pants / trousers

If you want to refer to one leg of the trousers, that is a different word:

• штанина = pant leg / trouser leg

So in this sentence, штани is completely normal.

Here штани is in the accusative case, because it is the direct object of the verb подовжив.

The tailor did something to the trousers, so штани is the thing affected by the action.

It looks the same as the dictionary form because:

• штани is plural
• it is inanimate
• for many inanimate plural nouns, the accusative looks the same as the nominative

So:

• nominative: штани
• accusative: штани

That is why there is no visible ending change here.

Подовжив is perfective.

That means the sentence presents the action as completed:

• the tailor finished lengthening the trousers

This fits well with a simple completed past action.

The imperfective partner is:

• подовжувати = to be lengthening / to lengthen repeatedly
• past masculine: подовжував

Compare:

• Кравець подовжив штани. = The tailor lengthened the trousers.
• Кравець подовжував штани. = The tailor was lengthening the trousers / used to lengthen the trousers.

Because Ukrainian does not have articles like English the and a/an.

So Кравець can mean:

• a tailor
• the tailor

And штани can mean:

• pants
• the pants
• trousers
• the trousers

The exact meaning depends on context.

Yes. Ukrainian word order is more flexible than English word order.

The neutral order here is:

• Кравець подовжив штани.

But other orders are possible, for example:

• Штани подовжив кравець.
• Подовжив кравець штани.

These alternatives can sound more marked and may shift the emphasis:

• focus on what was lengthened
• focus on who did it
• a more literary or contrastive tone

Even though the order can change, the basic meaning remains the same because the grammar helps show the roles.

Yes, often you can, but there can be a slight difference in style or nuance.

• штани = a very common, general word for pants/trousers
• брюки = also trousers, sometimes sounding a bit more like dress trousers/slacks, depending on context and speaker

So:

• Кравець подовжив штани.
• Кравець подовжив брюки.

Both are understandable, but штани is the more neutral, everyday choice.

Then both the noun and the verb form would usually change.

You could say:

• Кравчиня подовжила штани.

Here:

• кравчиня = female tailor / seamstress
• подовжила = feminine singular past tense

So Ukrainian often makes gender visible in both the noun and the past-tense verb.

Not necessarily. The sentence only says that the tailor made the trousers longer.

It does not specify exactly how:

• by letting out the hem
• by adding fabric
• by altering the cut
• in some other way

So подовжив gives the result, not the exact tailoring method.