Паросток росте на клумбі.

A rough English-style pronunciation is:

pa-ROS-tok ros-TE na kloom-BEE

A few tips:

• р is a rolled or tapped r
• о is a clear o, not reduced to uh
• и does not sound like English ee; it is a shorter, more central vowel
• і sounds like ee

Here is the breakdown:

• паросток = the subject, sprout / shoot / seedling
• росте = the verb, grows / is growing
• на клумбі = a location phrase, in/on the flowerbed

So the structure is basically:

[subject] + [verb] + [location]

Because after на when you are talking about a fixed location, Ukrainian uses the locative case.

The base form is:

• клумба = flowerbed

But after на for location, it becomes:

• на клумбі = in/on the flowerbed

So:

• клумба = nominative, dictionary form
• на клумбі = locative, used after на for location

It is in the nominative case because it is the subject of the sentence.

You can think of it as the thing that is doing the action:

• паросток = the sprout
• росте = grows

So паросток stays in the basic subject form.

Росте is:

• present tense
• 3rd person singular

It comes from the verb рости = to grow

So:

• я росту = I grow / am growing
• ти ростеш = you grow / are growing
• він/вона/воно росте = he/she/it grows / is growing

In this sentence, паросток is singular, so the verb is singular too: росте.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Ukrainian present tense often covers both:

• grows
• is growing

So Паросток росте на клумбі could be understood as:

• The sprout grows in the flowerbed
• The sprout is growing in the flowerbed

English forces you to choose more often than Ukrainian does.

Because Ukrainian does not normally use a present-tense form of to be in simple sentences like this.

English says:

• The sprout is growing

Ukrainian just says:

• Паросток росте

The verb росте already carries the present-tense meaning, so no extra is is needed.

Literally, на often means on, but in real usage it can also correspond to English in, depending on the place.

Here на клумбі is best understood as:

• in the flowerbed
• or sometimes on the flowerbed, if translated very literally

In natural English, in the flowerbed usually sounds better.

Ukrainian has no articles.

So паросток can mean:

• a sprout
• the sprout

Which one is meant depends on context.

This is very normal in Ukrainian, and learners have to get used to understanding definiteness from the situation rather than from words like a and the.

Yes. Ukrainian word order is fairly flexible.

The original sentence:

• Паросток росте на клумбі

A different version:

• На клумбі росте паросток

Both are grammatical, but the emphasis changes a little:

• Паросток росте на клумбі focuses first on the sprout
• На клумбі росте паросток highlights the location first

English word order is stricter, but Ukrainian uses word order more freely for emphasis and information flow.

Yes. Паросток is a masculine singular noun.

A common clue is that many masculine nouns in Ukrainian end in a consonant, and паросток does.

That is also why it matches the 3rd-person singular verb росте.

They are related, but not the same.

• паросток = a sprout, shoot, or very young new growth
• рослина = a plant

So паросток is more specific. It suggests a young or newly emerging part of a plant, not just any plant in general.