Сімейний лікар призначив дозу.

Сімейний лікар means family doctor.

• сімейний = family / related to family
• лікар = doctor

The adjective сімейний has to agree with the noun лікар in:

• gender: masculine
• number: singular
• case: nominative

That is why it appears as сімейний, the masculine singular nominative form.

Yes, лікар is a masculine noun. In Ukrainian, many masculine nouns end in a consonant in the dictionary form:

• лікар = doctor
• студент = student
• брат = brother

So лікар is nominative singular masculine.

A useful thing to know: even if the doctor is a woman in real life, the noun лікар is still grammatically masculine. In everyday Ukrainian, this is normal.

Призначив is the verb form meaning prescribed or assigned.

This form tells you several things at once:

• it is past tense
• it is masculine singular
• the subject is therefore understood as grammatically masculine: лікар

Compare:

• призначив = he prescribed
• призначила = she prescribed
• призначили = they prescribed / polite plural

So in this sentence, призначив matches лікар.

Because доза is the direct object of the verb, and in Ukrainian direct objects often go into the accusative case.

• доза = nominative singular
• дозу = accusative singular

Since the doctor prescribed a dose, the noun is being acted on, so Ukrainian uses дозу.

This is very common with feminine nouns ending in -а:

• книга → книгу
• машина → машину
• доза → дозу

Ukrainian often shows this through case endings, not only through word order.

In this sentence:

• лікар is nominative, so it is the subject
• дозу is accusative, so it is the direct object

That means:

• the doctor did the action
• the dose received the action

Even if the word order changed, the case endings would still help you understand the roles.

No, Ukrainian word order is fairly flexible.

This sentence uses a very neutral order:

• Subject + Verb + Object

So Сімейний лікар призначив дозу sounds natural and straightforward.

But Ukrainian can change word order for emphasis. For example:

• Дозу призначив сімейний лікар.
  This puts more attention on the dose or on who prescribed it.

Even with different word order, the case endings still help show the meaning.

Ukrainian has no articles like English the and a/an.

So:

• лікар can mean doctor, a doctor, or the doctor
• дозу can mean a dose or the dose

You understand the exact meaning from the context.

That is why one short Ukrainian sentence can correspond to slightly different English translations depending on the situation.

Призначити is perfective. The form призначив comes from that perfective verb.

That means the sentence presents the action as completed: the doctor did prescribe / has prescribed the dose.

Its imperfective partner is usually призначати:

• призначав = was prescribing / used to prescribe / prescribed repeatedly
• призначив = prescribed, as a completed action

In a simple sentence like this, the perfective form is very natural if the speaker is talking about one completed act of prescribing.

Grammatically, this exact sentence sounds masculine because of:

• лікар as a grammatically masculine noun
• призначив as a masculine past-tense form

If you want to make the doctor clearly female in standard grammar, you would normally change the verb:

• Сімейний лікар призначила дозу.

Here:

• лікар stays the same
• призначила shows that the doctor is female

So the verb is often what makes the sex of the person clear.

The dictionary forms are:

• сімейний → already in dictionary form here
• лікар → already in dictionary form here
• призначив → dictionary form призначити
• дозу → dictionary form доза

So only дозу and призначив are changed from their dictionary forms in this sentence.

Yes, доза is a normal countable noun.

You can have:

• одна доза = one dose
• дві дози = two doses
• три дози = three doses

In this sentence, дозу is singular accusative because it means one dose as the object of the verb.