Questions & Answers about Пацієнту потрібен лікарняний.
Because Ukrainian often expresses need with a pattern like:
[someone in the dative] + потрібен / потрібна / потрібне / потрібні + [thing needed]
So this sentence is structured more like:
To the patient, a sick note is needed
rather than literally The patient needs a sick note.
That is why пацієнту is in the dative case.
Compare:
- Мені потрібна допомога. = I need help.
- Йому потрібен лікар. = He needs a doctor.
- Пацієнту потрібен лікарняний. = The patient needs sick leave / a sick note.
So пацієнту means to/for the patient.
Because in this construction, the thing that is needed is normally in the nominative case, not the accusative.
In other words, Ukrainian treats лікарняний as the thing that is necessary, so grammatically it behaves like the subject of the sentence.
That is why the structure is:
- пацієнту — dative
- потрібен — agrees with the thing needed
- лікарняний — nominative
You can think of it as:
A sick note is necessary for the patient.
That is why лікарняний stays nominative.